The mysterious and inexplicable nature of smells has always attracted humanity. Subtle aromas of flowers, spicy smells of trees and resins - all this caused and continues to cause reverent delight in people. It is impossible to say with certainty who and when first realized that you can learn to extract their aromatic quintessence from natural substances. Most likely, this happened at the dawn of human development, when a sandalwood branch or pine resin fell into a fire. Since then, one of the most fascinating pages in the development of civilization began - the history of perfumery.
History of perfumery: where did it all begin?
The exact date of birth of the art of perfumery is lost in the mists of time. It is only known that it appeared in the ancient southern and eastern countries - in particular, in Mesopotamia and Arabia. At first, the scope of use of incense was quite limited and consisted of religious rites and sacrifices. And only after some time, aromatic oils became more widespread.
The Egyptians became pioneers in the world of smells. During the time of Queen Cleopatra, who, by the way, herself composed some aromatic compositions, the use of incense and body rubs spread to the highest circles of the Egyptian aristocracy.
From the Egyptians, the art of preparing and using aromatic potions was adopted by the Israelis, Assyrians, Romans and Greeks. In the ancient world, incense, rose, sandalwood, musk, myrrh and other aromas that are still widely used today were especially popular. Many Roman emperors (such as Calligula, Otho and Nero) had a special weakness for refined incense, instilling this habit in noble patricians.
The history of perfumery would not be complete if the Arabs had not added important touches to its fabric. The legendary healer Avicenna was the first to extract the fragrant components of plants using the distillation process. It was he who first received the famous rose water.
India, with its wealth of flora, also did not remain aloof from the development of perfume art. It was on her lands that incense was made with the aromas of patchouli, santal, amber, vetiver, musk, cinnamon, cloves, camphor, rose and jasmine.
Perfumes in European countries
As for Europe, for a long time it was immune to the magical charm of incense. The first educators of wild barbarians in this regard were the Roman legionnaires. However, as soon as Roman rule fell under the onslaught of the warlike Goths and Huns, the beginnings of the refined veneration of smells again disappeared into oblivion.
The situation changed with the beginning of the Crusades, when knights returning from the eastern lands brought fragrant gifts to the ladies of their hearts. In the 12th century, the first perfumeries were already operating in France, but three centuries later, with the beginning of alcohol production, perfumery moved to a new stage of development. From that moment on, the history of perfumery and cosmetics developed by leaps and bounds: perfumes, eau de toilette, cologne, aromatic ointments and ointments became a prerequisite for the existence of any self-respecting aristocrat, and a little later they moved to the masses.
France has become a mecca for perfume lovers (and, by the way, it remains so to this day). The foundations of this art, laid in the city of Grasse, influenced the development of the ability to compose fragrant compositions throughout the world. During Napoleon's time, the use of cologne and eau de toilette reached its peak. The fashion for everything French, which swept the upper strata of Russian society, meant the use of real French perfumes. As for England, here Puritan traditions and moral laws did not allow the use of too heavy aromas - it was simply indecent.
In the twentieth century, the profession of perfumer not only did not lose its position, but, on the contrary, became even more in demand. With the development of the fashion industry and the creation of the first fashion houses, the need for new fragrances has increased even more. The very perception of perfumery also changed: from now on, not only the smell itself was important, but also the design of the bottle, its size, shape, color, and ease of use. From the very beginning of the twentieth century to this day, leading gurus of the fashion and cosmetics industry regularly pamper their fans with new fragrances.
Let's sum it up
The history of perfumery is another proof that humanity (and especially the fair sex) is doing everything possible to once again emphasize its attractiveness. And a scent harmoniously matched to the image only enhances it.
People started using fragrances back in ancient times. The word “perfumery” itself comes from Latin and means “smoke” - “fumum”. This suggests that ancient people created incense by burning leaves, wood, various spices - in a word, everything that released a pleasant smell when burned.
The history of the creation of perfumes begins in Ancient Egypt, about five thousand years ago. There is evidence that it was then that perfume began to be used. However, the famous rose water was invented by the Arabs. About 1300 years ago they learned to obtain it from rose petals. At that time, rose water was widely used as a medicine. Of course, rose oil provided a stronger aroma, but it was inaccessible to most people due to its high cost.
How did they extract aroma from plants in ancient times? People obtained essential oils through “enfleurage,” using mainly flowers. This is a very complex and time-consuming process, which is why it is not used these days. It consists of placing petals on a piece of glass, usually greased with purified lard. After the fat had absorbed all the flavor from the plant, the petals were replaced with others. And so on until the fat was saturated with the smell as much as possible.
The technology for obtaining essences today is much simpler. A special solvent is passed through the petals and soaked in essential oil. They are then separated and the essential oil is purified with alcohol. Today, various flowers (jasmine, rose, violet, lavender), tree wood, especially sandalwood, and plant roots are used to make perfumes.
Over the entire history of perfume creation, many new ingredients have appeared in their composition. However, today there are very few perfumes made on a natural basis, and they are quite expensive. Most of the products produced are the result of the work of chemists who are able to imitate almost any floral aroma. It is very difficult to distinguish it from the natural smell. This can only be done by a professional perfumer.
Both women and men use eau de toilette. What is this light perfume? From the point of view of chemical composition, this is the concentration of fragrant substances in alcohol in the amount of 7 to 10%. The proportion of main notes in this perfume is reduced, and the top notes, on the contrary, are enhanced. Eau de toilette is exactly what it says on the bottles, lighter than perfume, so they are used several times a day. Eau de toilette is ideal for work and is convenient to use in the hot summer.
How did the name “eau de toilette” come about?
Everyone is accustomed to calling eau de toilette “eau de toilette” in the same way as, for example, the sea as “sea” or the sun as “sun”. But this name was invented and first used by a famous person who had nothing to do with the production of perfumes and eau de toilettes - Emperor Bonaparte Napoleon.
The emperor paid great attention to his image. There were rumors that he transferred up to 12 liters of cologne per day to himself. On the island of St. Helena, where he was exiled, there were no magnificent receptions and no beautiful ladies. But he still had a love for perfumes. The emperor had a decent supply of perfume with him, but one day they ran out. Then Bonaparte created his own aromatic remedy. It consisted mainly of alcohol, to which a little fresh bergamot was added. The French commander gave this composition the name “Eau de toilette”, which translated - Eau de Toilette.
Stories about eau de toilette
Aromatic substances have been used by people long before the time of Napoleon. Compositions were made from various components, but the love for fragrances has remained unchanged throughout the centuries.
Ancient Egypt
Substances that produce aromas have been known to people since ancient Egypt. Before traveling, Queen Cleopatra always issued orders to moisten the sails of ships with a fragrant composition. She wanted her favorite trail of scent to travel with her. It was with the help of eau de toilette that the Egyptian managed to gain power over the military leader Mark Antony.
Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
In the cities of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, it was customary to soak the curtains in the amphitheater with aromatic water. On holidays, such water flowed from fountains, and eau de toilette was sprayed onto the wings of birds that flew over those present. The fragrance was very strong. Some could not withstand such concentration. There have been cases when people suffered from suffocation due to such a rich aroma.
Hungary
Queen Elizabeth composed her perfume. Its main component was rosemary. Such water unexpectedly improved the health of the Hungarian ruler, after which the Polish ruler offered her his hand and heart.
France
King Louis the 14th of France always sprinkled his clothes with a fragrant suspension, which he called “heavenly.” When preparing something like fragrant water, they threw in orange blossom, aloe, the ingredients were musk, rare at that time, oriental spices, and an almost obligatory ingredient - rose water.
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands loved fragrances so much that she poured a whole bottle of eau de toilette into her bath when bathing. Marie Antoinette also took fragrant water treatments.
Modern history
Guerlain was able to change the concept of aromatic liquid. Launching Eau de Fleurs de Cedrat in 1920 , eau de toilette was no longer perceived as perfume that had been diluted with water. Everyone liked the modest aroma with notes of citrus.
During the Great Depression, which lasted three years, no one showed interest in perfumery. But immediately after its completion, interest in fragrances grew sharply. Then two types of eau de toilette appeared, released by the Floris company: “Red Rose”, “English Violet”.
After the end of World War II, the following became widespread: “Muse” by Coty, “Vent Vert” by Pierre Balmain, “L’AirduTemps” by NinaRicci. The latter can still be found on sale today. The Hermes fashion house released its first fragrance “Eau d’Hermes”. And Dior introduced its Eau Fraiche eau de toilette in 1953.
Today there are many scents that can only be found as eau de toilette. Most often they are produced for the stronger half.
An interesting fact: if eau de toilette is made as a pair to a perfume that already exists, then not only the saturation of aromatic substances in it changes, but also the composition itself.
Such a practical eau de toilette
At the moment when perfume manufacturers found aromatic compositions too “heavy”, they were replaced by eau de toilette. The transition of manufacturers to its production is justified. Perfume has an intense, heavy smell that is not suitable for use during the day, especially if a woman spends it at work. Therefore, they began to use perfume more often for evening celebrations or simply pleasant moments. They were replaced by eau de toilette - lighter. In everyday life it fits perfectly. This perfume can be used at work. If desired, the aroma can be renewed by applying water to the skin several times.
The most expensive eau de toilette
Statistics show: people most often buy eau de toilette in the price range of 10-80 dollars for 1 bottle with a capacity of 75 ml. Among this perfume you are unlikely to find a branded scent, because all the brands known in the world do not lower the price below 100-150 dollars.
To attract attention to their scents, manufacturers add various extracts of exotic herbs and animal pheromones to their compositions. The cost of water can increase if it is poured into an expensive bottle. Thus, the Clive Christian company asked for 250 thousand dollars for the “Imperial Majesty” fragrance. In history, it became known as the manufacturer of the most expensive eau de toilette. The bottle itself is small in size, decorated with diamonds and gold. The contents of this exquisite package have an aroma that combines Tahitian vanilla, Indian sandalwood, and rare essential oils. In total, the company produced 10 such packages of eau de toilette. Who became the owner of the bottles is a mystery.
The same company released the most expensive men's fragrance, Clive Christian's No.1. The masters decided to keep the bottle of this eau de toilette in a strict form, adding a fancy ring to the neck. The cost of the perfume is only $650. Clive Christian still produces this fragrance today, so anyone can purchase it.
It is impossible not to mention another perfume brand that produces luxury products. Amouage was founded in 1983. Today it is known as the manufacturer of the most expensive men's eau de toilette. The fragrance is called “Amouage Die Pour Homme”. You can hear sensual floral influences in it. The aroma is based on notes of incense, plum flowers, peony. The water is housed in a vintage rose gold and crystal bottle. This eau de toilette can be purchased for $250.
How to wear eau de toilette
- Before applying the aroma of water, determine how tall the man is than you. If his height is much higher than yours, then spray water on the upper parts of the body. This way the smell will quickly reach the partner’s sense of smell.
- It is better to spray eau de toilette on yourself immediately after a shower. Clean, moist skin will absorb the scent much more intensely. Try to spray perfume on your body, avoiding getting it on your clothes, because eau de toilette can ruin the fabric.
- If you apply the scent to damp hair, the pleasant smell will last for a very long time.
- If you need to apply eau de toilette a second time, moisten the area with cream or lotion - the aroma will be absorbed much better.
Where to apply the scent
There are special “correct” places for applying perfume. The chosen one will definitely appreciate your aroma if the eau de toilette gently envelops you.
You should not spray eau de toilette from a bottle behind your ears. This way the contents will end up on your clothes and will be wasted. Spray your fingertips with perfume and lightly apply the scent behind your ears, into your lobes.
The upper part of the chest should be irrigated with eau de toilette carefully so that a light haze of aroma is created around you. It is important not to overdo the scent in this part of the body.
The chin is smothered with a light touch.
Apply a little eau de toilette between the mammary glands to provide an unobtrusive aroma and create the integrity of the composition.
Any aroma will appear brighter in those parts of the body where the temperature rises. The reaction to heat will be most active under the knees. This is the best place to apply perfume.
The scent should be applied to your wrists at the very end - to each one separately. You should not rub eau de toilette between your wrists so that the scent lasts longer.
The amount of eau de toilette you apply will tell you the type of scent. If it is delicate and light, then most often the perfume is not very long-lasting. You will need to apply it more often. Thicker aromas will last longer on the skin, so it is enough to apply this eau de toilette a couple of times a day.
Consider your skin type
When spraying water, be sure to consider your skin type. Dark, oily ones absorb odors much better than light, dry ones. Eau de toilette disappears somewhat faster than perfume, so if you have dark skin or have oily skin, then the best option is to throw your favorite water into your purse so that you can add extra perfume if necessary.
It is important not to apply too much fragrance. Even if your eau de toilette is very expensive, you need to remember that any scent should be applied in moderation. No one likes it if a person smells of perfume.
A favorite scent gives any woman confidence, so it is very important to choose your scent. Eau de Toilette less persistent than perfume, but it can be changed more often, choosing the appropriate option to suit your mood.
Not a single modern person can imagine his life without one or even several favorite scents. Where does the phenomenon of “spirits” originate? Who are perfumers? What is the difference between perfume and eau de toilette and eau de parfum? And what scents are considered legends in perfumery?
Origin of perfume
Until now, researchers cannot say with certainty which country is the birthplace of spirits: either it is Arabia, or it is Mesopotamia. It is definitely known that since ancient times people have been in awe of the ancestors of modern perfumes and colognes - incense.
The word “perfume” or “per fumum” is translated from Latin as “through smoke”. The fact is that ancient people obtained aromas by burning wood and resin of myrrh, incense and cedar. Separately, it is worth noting the activities of the Egyptians in the “fragrance” issue: the inhabitants of the Nile were convinced that the human body must smell good - this will help to get into the favor of the gods. A person was also sent “to the next world” with a substantial batch of incense in order to appease the gods.
In the first century AD there was a leap in the development of perfumery: a method for obtaining essential oils was developed by the Arab physician Avecenna. A number of his recipes have been preserved and are used in modern industry. Arab culture is responsible for the creation of the famous rose oil, which was worth its weight in gold.
Perfumery in Europe
As a result of the fall of the mighty Roman Empire, perfume was not given much attention for several centuries. Only in the 14th century a new development appeared - aromatic waters - these are perfumes consisting of essential oils and alcohol.
One of the common stories on this topic: once a monk gave perfume to Her Majesty the 72-year-old Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, who decided to take the perfume not externally, but internally. As a result of drinking the perfume, she became younger, recovered, and received a groom in the form of the King of Poland. This is how “Waters of the Queen of Hungary” became popular.
The aroma of perfume in those days was very simple: rose, lavender, violet. But great demand for the product created supply: Europeans of the Middle Ages rarely took bathing procedures; they loved perfume because it interrupted the smell of an unwashed body. Gradually, the aromas of cinnamon, sandalwood, and musk are added to the aromatic compositions.
Perfume was purchased in large quantities: noble ladies and gentlemen rubbed their bodies with it, then they began to pour the perfume on clothes, umbrellas, gloves, and fans. In 1608, the world's first perfume factory was opened, located on the territory of the monastery and maintained by monks.
In addition, the development of perfumery was encouraged by the Catholic Church itself, since bathing contributed to the growth of debauchery among the population.
Perfume making in Japanese culture
Meanwhile, there was also significant interest in perfume making in Japan. Aromatic wood, imported from China and India, found its use in Buddhist rites and ceremonies. Gradually, the aromas of patchouli, cinnamon, anise—the aromas of spices—came into life. Much attention was also paid to the culture of using incense sticks indoors.
Perfumery business in Russia
The great reformer Peter the Great also tried his best in the perfumery issue. Before his reign, Russians knew only incense, which was used during church services. Interestingly, there was no urgent need for perfume, since baths were popular. Initially, smelling salts were carried as medicine, in case a lady became ill. Then, gradually, ladies began to wear bags filled with flavored salt to create a haze of pleasant floral aroma.
Perfume, cologne, eau de parfum - what's the difference?
There is a division of perfumes into types according to the number of essential oils contained in the product; the more, the more expensive and better the aroma:
- Perfume - their content of essential oils should not be less than 22 percent. It is fair to note that real perfumes are stored for a maximum of two years, after which their structure begins to deform.
- Eau de parfum contains from 15 to 22 percent essential oils. Their longevity is not as high as that of perfumes, but higher than that of eau de toilette.
- Eau de toilette – differs in the content of essential oils from 8 to 15 percent. The composition does not change for 4-5 years.
- Cologne includes 4 percent essential oils in its composition.
Quality of perfume extracts
When creating fragrances, I can use extracts of different quality:
- Luxury class - perfumes that are made by hand, sometimes to order. The cost can vary from several thousand dollars for a perfume masterpiece of an exclusive series.
- Class “A” - raw materials used are at least 90 percent natural ingredients. 10 percent is allocated to non-natural ingredients.
- Class “B” - consists of half of synthetic raw materials. Their cost is much lower than the cost of real perfumes, but they do not reveal the fullness and range of original natural perfumes. Often created as close in aroma to natural perfumes.
- Class “C” - the cheapest extracts that are added to powders, soaps and fake perfumes. They are created entirely from synthetic extracts.
How are perfumes divided by fragrance families?
- Chypre fragrances are fragrances from women's and men's lines, derived from sage, lavender, patchouli, in general, aromas of nature. This group got their name after the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean. The famous perfume “Chypre” was even released specially.
- Citrus – These scents of lemon, tangerine, orange, bergamot and grapefruit are suitable for both men and women.
- Floral scents - suitable exclusively for women, consist of extracts of clove, lily, violet, rose.
- Floral oriental scents are very popular among women: jasmine, frisia, musk, apricot, a combination of floral and spice aromas.
- Fougere, or fern - for women and men - a combination of oak moss, geranium and lavender aromas.
- Fruity aromas are feminine and consist of bergamot, pineapple, papaya, peach.
- Green feminine scents - fresh grass, leaves, consist of extracts of pine, juniper, lavender, rosemary.
- Woody - for men and women - include extracts of sandalwood, cedar, rosebush, blue iris, musk.
- Spicy scents for women and men - extracts of ginger, cinnamon, cardamom, cloves.
- Marine fragrances for men and women - aromas of the sea, sea wave and freshness. Their distinctive feature is that they are completely unnatural.
Who is a perfumer?
Once upon a time, the profession of perfumer was inherited by some residents of the French town of Grasse. Today in a number of countries around the world there are schools that train perfumers. But before working independently, the student must work as an assistant perfumer for several years.
Many people are interested in the question: who is the person who can work as a perfumer?
To become a perfumer, you do not need to have any special “nose” or sense of smell. It is enough to have a great desire, and years of training will do their job. A perfumer must be able to work with both natural and synthetic components. Of course, he must also be a creative person, because a fragrance is born first in the head, and only then takes on a physical form.
The working day of a “sniffer” takes only two to three hours a day. This is enough, because after this time the nose becomes overloaded and it does not sense aromas as subtly.
Legendary fragrances of the World. "Chanel No. 5"
Important!!!
Scientists have calculated that every 55 seconds in the world one bottle of the famous legendary perfume “Chanel No. 5”, rightly called the scent of the 20th century, is sold.
In 1920, one of Chanel’s many fans, Dmitry Romanov, a descendant of the Russian Emperor Alexander II, introduced her to Ednest Beaux, a former court perfumer. At one of their joint meetings, Ernest invited Chanel to develop a unique fragrance for her using aldehydes. It is important to understand Coco’s conservative attitude towards perfumery in general: she believed that there is no and cannot be a better smell than the aroma of a clean female body. But she decided to experiment and gave her consent to participate in the project. The perfumer created several versions of fragrances and offered them for testing, of which Chanel chose sample number 5. There is a version according to which it was when creating these perfumes that the perfumer made a mistake by mixing the ingredients incorrectly. So fashion trendsetter Coco Chanel decided to create her own brand of perfume, which would not be like any of the previous scents. According to her wishes, the perfume should “smell like a woman.”
The aroma turned out to be persistent and complex - it consisted of 80 different components.
In matters of design, here too Coco became an innovator: at that time, a perfume bottle was a real work of art - a bottle studded with rhinestones and precious diamonds. Chanel released her perfume in an elegant bottle, similar to a bottle of men's perfume. An interesting move to promote perfume: instead of putting it on store shelves immediately after approving the fragrance, Coco gives several fragrances to her friends from high society - from whom rumors began about the unusual aroma and its amazing durability. Only after such a move did the bottles go on sale and became a real bestseller for many decades.
In 1925, the Shalimar fragrance from Guerlain was born. Guerlain was inspired to create these perfumes by the love story between Shah Jahan and Princess Mumtaz Mahal, for whose love the Shah erected the Tajmahal building. The perfume was named after the princess's favorite gardens of the same name.
Initially, the perfume was released in a special Baccarat bottle, only recently a more democratic version of the perfume bottle and a perfume body care line were released for the first time, the face of which was Natalia Vodianova.
The date of birth of the famous “Joy” from Jean Patou is 1929. This is the year of the famous severe economic crisis, when many American companies failed and people were left without work. At such times, designer Jean Patou releases natural, very expensive perfumes of the highest quality, and even packaged in a bottle made of solid Baccarat crystal. Just to create one ounce of perfume, perfumers needed to use three hundred roses and ten thousand jasmine flowers.
This fragrance was born in 1889 in honor of Jacques Guerlain's memories of the beautiful girl Zhiqui, the love of his youth. This scent can be considered revolutionary: previously, fragrances were unisex, that is, everyone could smell the same scent: from adult men to young ladies. It was obvious to many that “Zhiki” was much more suitable for men than for women.
The first American perfume appeared in 1953 thanks to the efforts of Estee Lauder. Until this year, American women used European perfume brands; they were extremely expensive and were considered a luxury. Perfume appeared that became available to almost every American woman.
And today this fragrance can be found on store shelves, the bottle remains in its original form: like a woman’s dress with gold-colored braid.
The legend of Soviet perfumes, the aroma “Red Moscow” is known among perfumers in many countries around the world. In fact, the year of creation of these perfumes can rightly be considered 1913, when perfumer Heinrich Brocard presented his development “The Empress’s Favorite Perfume”. But they were not destined to see the light of day because of the coming revolution. The perfume business was declared an echo of the bourgeoisie, and the creator of the fragrance went into oblivion: his company began to make soap, and then became the New Dawn factory. This is how the scent “Red Moscow” appeared.
One of the most daring and provocative fragrances of the 20th century. Born in 1977. It was created specifically for brave, strong women who are ready to dominate men. This perfume has become an anthem of women's feminism and equality. Because of the name, the Chinese have repeatedly spoken out against the fragrance, demanding that the fragrance be removed from sale. But this did not prevent the fragrance from finding its fans: subtle oriental themes could not help but win the hearts of women and men who were tired of cloying. In addition, the most popular models of that time participated in Opium advertising campaigns.
Conclusion:
Today you can find hundreds of different types of women's and men's perfumes on store shelves. Creating perfume is considered a real art. And those who were able to choose “their” scent, emphasizing their own style, received an excellent ally in creating their image.
Perfumery. NTV film
The history of perfume goes hand in hand with the history of humanity. This alluring, mysterious, fabulous world of fragrances has its own traditions, rules and laws.
In ancient times, church ministers used the properties of odors in various religious rituals; they burned flowers and plant roots in incense burners, trying to penetrate the divine essence with the help of aroma. It is known that in Egypt they produced a variety of aromatic oils and fragrant rubs and ointments, which were used in sacred rituals and women's toilets. The Romans used aromas for medicinal purposes. The Persians and Arabs were considered unsurpassed connoisseurs of spices; they were the first to discover the art of perfumery.
The development of science contributed to the development of perfumery. High-ranking nobles appreciated the hygienic and magical power of perfumery. In the 12th century, Venice became a center of perfumery, where spices brought from the East were processed.
In the second half of the 14th century, aromatic water (liquid perfume) appeared, based on essential oils and alcohol. There is a legend that a monk gave the sick Queen Elizabeth of Hungary the recipe for the first aromatic water based on rosemary, “Water of the Queen of Hungary.” The Queen began taking water internally and quickly recovered.
In the 14th century, the profession of a glover merged with the profession of a perfumer, hence the perfumed gloves.
The first perfume factory appeared in Florence in 1608 in the monastery of Sita Maria Novella. Dominican monks were patronized by the Pope and high nobles.
1709 - the appearance of "Cologne water". It was created by the Frenchman Jean-Marie Farina, a spice merchant from Cologne. In the 18th century, it was brought to France, where it became known as cologne.
In the 19th century, the forefathers of modern perfumery (Ernest Daltroff - "Carop", Francois Coty - "Coty", Jean Guerlain - "Guerlain") put forward several theories in the art of creating fragrances.
At the same time, perfumes were no longer produced by handicraft methods, and perfume companies began to appear.
François Coty was the first to combine artificially created odors with natural odors. So, in 1917 he released “Chypre” (“Chypre”), which became the basis for a whole group of aramats. Oriental and amber aromas have been developed.
In the 1920s, “synthetic” fragrances appeared; aldehydes made a breakthrough in the art of perfumery. The first time they were used was in Chanel No. 5.
In the 50s of the 20th century, French perfumery was at the peak of its glory. Many famous perfumers work in France.
1960s - fragrances for men are in great demand.
The 1970s were characterized by a fashion for “pret-a-porter”; “pret-a-porter de lux” perfumes appeared, which did not lose the high quality and sophisticated sophistication of “haute couture”, but became more accessible.
In the 80s of the 20th century, “amber” compositions came into fashion. Fresh sea and ozonic aromas also appear.
In the 1990s, new technologies came - "Living-Flower Technology" ("Living Flowers"), they make it possible to "collect" the smells of unpicked plants ("pull out" the aroma).
Perfumes of the late 20th - early 21st centuries absorbed the smells of pineapple, orange, mango, lemon, and currants. These compositions are in perfect harmony with the natural aroma of the skin; they are subtle, light and transparent.