Methodology for conducting developmental classes in the first and second junior groups. Developmental activities with a three-year-old child Developmental activities for children aged 3-4 years

Let's look at what a 3-year-old child can do, why a developmental crisis occurs at this age and how to cope with it, as well as with the help of what activities to develop a three-year-old child.

At the age of 3, a new round of child development occurs, accompanied by a crisis.

Features of age

The child's motor development improves. A 3-year-old child controls his own body well. He walks evenly, without unnecessary movements, can change the pace of walking and is able to learn to ride a bicycle.
The efficiency of the nervous system of a three-year-old child becomes greater. The child stays awake for longer periods of time and is ready to learn new information. He is already more patient and can do one thing longer than at 2 years old (up to 20-25 minutes).
Fine motor skills also improve, allowing the baby to master buttoning, drawing with pencils, using cutlery and other household skills.
The vocabulary of a 3-year-old baby already includes more than 1000 words. The child uses almost all parts of speech in conversation, although sometimes incorrectly. The pronunciation of sounds improves, although children at 3 years old may not yet pronounce many sounds. Three-year-olds constantly talk through their actions, giving the impression that they are not silent at all. Another characteristic feature of the speech of children of this age is the presence of numerous questions.
The main activity of a three-year-old child is playing. Now the baby loves role-playing games most of all. The scenes played out by the child have a plot, since the baby develops abstract thinking and imagination.

Play with your child and come up with interesting stories

Many kids at this age, at the first opportunity, want to play with other people's toys, while not paying attention to their own. Is this normal and how to react to this situation, watch the video of Larisa Sviridova (Lara’s mother).

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What should a child be able to do?

Most children at the age of three can already:

Run quickly, jump, step over obstacles.
Pronounce up to 1,500 words and form complex sentences from them.
Listen to fairy tales for a long time.
Ask a lot of questions.
Complete the task without distraction for at least 5 minutes.
Tell a familiar fairy tale based on the picture.
Learn poems and songs.
Pronounce your first and last name, know your age (points on fingers) and gender.
Show body parts and know their purpose.
Call yourself "I".
Say hello, goodbye and say “thank you”.
Perform 2 actions at the same time, for example, clapping and stomping.
Play with other children, exchanging toys.
Ride a 3-wheeled bike, sled, and swing.
Count to three.
Become familiar with 7 colors (including white and black) and geometric shapes.
Assemble toys from 4-6 parts.
Understand the differences in the size of objects, their shape and weight.
Draw according to your wishes.
Fantasize in role-playing games and follow the rules in outdoor games.
Dress yourself, as well as undress and fold your own clothes.
Fasten buttons and tie shoelaces.
Use a handkerchief.
Eat carefully (not only with a spoon, but also with a fork) and use a napkin.

Choose the weakest areas in your child’s development and work on them

What is the “three-year crisis”?

The behavior of most children at the age of 3 changes strikingly, causing misunderstanding and panic among parents. Mom begins to worry that she missed something in her upbringing, but in fact these are absolutely normal changes for children of this age.

The development of a child goes through several crises, among which the three-year-old is the most turbulent and difficult for parents. It gradually increases starting from 2 years of age. At its peak, such a crisis manifests itself in violent hysterics and conflicting behavior of the child, but soon passes, becoming a real school of life for the toddler.

The main signs of the “3-year crisis” are:

Negativism of a child. The baby answers “no” to all proposals from adults.
Stubbornness. The child insists on his own opinion and proposal.
Refusal to do things that were previously done without any problems, for example, the child does not want to eat, wash or brush his teeth.
The desire to do everything on your own, even if you don’t know how. The child is in no hurry to seek help.
Conflict behavior. The child rebels and protests against almost everything the parents say.
Depreciation. A previously calm, quiet baby may begin to demonstratively throw and break toys, spoil things, and swear.
Jealousy. It is especially pronounced when there are other children in the family, but can also be directed at the father.

The appearance of such changes in the behavior of a three-year-old child is associated with the baby’s awareness that he is already old enough to influence circumstances and other people, and is also capable of making decisions. The child considers himself big and wants to be respected. He rebels against the command of his parents, so he becomes stubborn, screams, and is hysterical. However, contradictory behavior is no less difficult for a child to bear than for his parents. The baby cannot understand what is happening to him, and also cannot control his own emotions.

The manifestation of a crisis at 3 years of age should be taken as a given. If parents behave correctly, the crisis will pass without a trace over time.

The most powerful manifestation of a three-year-old's crisis is hysterics. At an earlier age, they could occasionally occur due to overwork, and the main action of the parents was to calm the baby. At the age of 3, tantrums become a way of manipulation. That is why they appear in places where there are spectators, for example, on the street or in a store.

How to respond to a child’s tantrums and whether it is worth fulfilling his demands, see the program by E. Komarovsky.

To survive such a crisis period without much difficulty, parents can be advised to do the following:

Change your communication strategy with your baby. Recognize that the child has grown up and can be independent. Stop doing for your child what he can handle on his own.
Always offer choice or the illusion of it. For example, if there is a walk ahead, ask the baby how you will go down - by the elevator or along the steps, and if lunch is coming, ask which plate the child will eat from - red or green.
Don't force your child to do anything, but offer to help you. For example, you are about to cross the street. Do not tell your child that this is dangerous and that you must hold an adult’s hand, but offer to take you across the road because you are afraid of cars.
Give your child more time for any action so as not to rush.
If your child gives an ultimatum, answer “no” and try to remain calm. Ignore the screams, falls on the floor, and glances from passers-by. If you follow the lead, this behavior will repeat itself more than once.
Pick up a child who has fallen on the roadway or in a puddle, take him to a safe place and leave him there to scream.
Don't criticize or scold your child after a tantrum. It’s better to teach your baby to express his emotions in words.

If you have children growing up with a small age difference, watch the following video by Larisa Sviridova (Lara’s mother). You will learn how to respond to an older child’s aggression towards a younger one.

Height and weight

If we compare with the indicators at 2.5 years, a child by the age of three gains approximately 1000-1200 g and grows by 4-5 cm. Indicators of physical development of girls are usually somewhat lower than those of boys. To help you determine whether the rate of physical development of your three-year-old child is normal, we have collected in the table the average values of the main parameters, as well as the boundary values of the norm for each gender:

Most parents are not happy with their child's weight. Should you worry about deviations from the norm, see E. Komarovsky’s TV show.

Types of child development

Physical

This type of development is aimed at increasing the child’s endurance, developing dexterity and coordination of movements. Activities affecting physical development should be carried out daily by a three-year-old child and may include the following activities:

Exercise with music, poetry or video lesson.
Stepping over obstacles (place blocks on the floor).
Walking on an inclined board.
Jumping over a line drawn on the floor.
Walking on a rope laid out on the floor.
Jumping forward on two legs.
Jumping from small hills.
Ball games - throwing to each other, throwing up and then catching, kicking, getting into a box, running a race with a rolling ball, rolling between chair legs.
Outdoor games with simple rules.
Overcoming an obstacle course.
Dancing.
Fitness with mom.
Swimming.
Exercises on the sports wall (rope, rings, ladder, crossbar).
A ride on the bicycle.

The wall bars will help your child spend time at home more actively.

Cognitive

This type of development helps the baby to study the world around him and the different properties of objects. Classes with educational purposes will develop the toddler’s attention, logic, and memory. In a playful way, the baby learns the first mathematical concepts and learns more about the world in which he lives. Activities at the age of three can be as follows:

We look for colors by name and sample.
We sequentially collect nesting dolls and molds of different sizes.
We select flat geometric shapes according to the sample.
We select three-dimensional geometric shapes for the holes and study their names.
We assemble a pyramid of 8-10 rings of different colors and sizes, guided by a drawing or sample.
We study the differences between the concepts of small-medium-large.
Compose the picture from 2 parts.
We play with mosaics and lotto.
We remember the place where the toy was located, which the adult removed.
We are looking for the whole picture by its details.
We study the concept of right-left.
We generalize objects according to some property, for example, floating, flying.
We study with the child natural phenomena, flora and fauna, and labor activities.
We find an extra item in the group.
We select opposite objects from a group.
Let's study the numbers.
We are looking for the shadow of the picture.
We select patches.
Adding missing items.

Activities should be interesting for the child

Parents can begin to introduce their child to mathematical concepts in a playful way. Conduct the following lesson using the “Flower” method, which is shown by M. L. Lazarev (musical development expert) in the following video.

At the age of three, the baby will be interested in learning about the days of the week. Conduct classes in a playful way and in a good mood.

Touch

This development involves the child’s senses – touch, taste, smell, vision, hearing. During sensory training, the baby improves tactile sensitivity and learns to recognize objects by smell and taste. Such activities at age three may include:

Determination of the texture of objects.
Identifying geometric shapes by touch.
Guessing animals by the sounds they make.
Games with sensory bags and boxes.
Guessing objects by smell.
Guessing food items by taste.

Development activities should be varied

Musical

This type of development of a three-year-old child not only affects the child’s hearing, but also instills in him a sense of rhythm and musical taste.

You can develop your baby through the following activities:

Singing.
Playing a musical instrument.
Listening to music with different rhythms.
Guessing the sounds of everyday objects.
Guessing songs.
Dancing.
Music in the background.

Expert in musical development Lazarev M. L. shows how you can stage a theatrical performance “Celebration of Music” using the “Flower” method. The child will become familiar with musical instruments and musical intervals.

Speech

For a 3-year-old child, it is very important to constantly expand his vocabulary, so you should communicate more with your toddler. Articulation classes also influence speech development. With a child of this age, speech development can be dealt with as follows:

Learn songs and poems.
Discuss story pictures.
Tell a story using pictures.
Discuss what you read.
Listen to a fairy tale read by an adult, as well as in an audio recording.
Give your child a riddle in which the answer is the last word of the quatrain.
Talk to your child about how your day went.
Discuss different situations on the topic “what if?”
Perform articulation gymnastics.
Study vowels.

Sing, teach poetry and talk more with your child for his speech development

Fine motor skills

Developing motor skills is extremely important for stimulating the speech development of a toddler, since the areas of the brain responsible for speech and hand movements are very close. If during classes the baby uses his fingers more, you will simultaneously stimulate the speech zone. Suitable fine motor activities for a 3-year-old child include:

Finger gymnastics.
Games with sand and cereals.
Fastening buttons, loops, various fasteners, buttons.
Stringing multi-colored beads onto a cord, including alternating the color and shape of the beads.
Games with nesting dolls, lacing, mosaics, inserts, clothespins.
Laying out patterns from pasta, shells or pebbles.
Games with water.

Creative

Activities that will stimulate a child’s creativity include different types of drawing and appliqué, playing with construction sets, modeling and the like. With a three-year-old child you can do the following:

Add details to the drawings, for example, leaves to a branch or stems to flowers.
Draw lines, rectangles, ovals and circles.
Paint over the drawing.
Draw according to your plan and tell what you draw.
Roll out plasticine or dough in your palms and sculpt simple shapes (sausages, balls, bagels).
Make simple applications using paper, natural materials, and pieces of fabric.
Build bridges, fences, houses from cubes, using verbal instructions, your imagination, a sample or a drawing.
Cut with children's scissors.
Decorate cakes or sandwiches with mom.
Dramatize a fairy tale.
Play with puppet theater.

Prepare and decorate dishes with your child

For the creative development of your child, conduct a lesson using the “Little Leonardo” method, which is shown by O. N. Teplyakova, an expert on intellectual development.

Social

A three-year-old child is drawn to his peers and communicates a lot with other children. Many children of this age are already attending kindergarten, so their social development proceeds at its own pace while interacting with children in the group. If a three-year-old child does not yet go to kindergarten, it is important for parents to pay additional attention to the child’s social development. In addition, this type of development also includes the acquisition of skills that children will need in everyday life.

Activities aimed at the social development of the baby will be as follows:

Games with other children using substitute objects.
Learning polite words.
Folding clothes before bed.
Learning to tie shoelaces and fasten buttons.
Learning table manners.
Helpful help around the house.

Many parents face difficulties in parting with their child, accompanied by tears and tantrums from the baby. Is this normal and is it worth continuing to take your child to kindergarten? Watch Larisa Sviridova’s video.

Sample exercise program for a week

By drawing up a weekly lesson plan for the development of a three-year-old child, you can evenly distribute classes across the days of the week, without missing anything, but also without overloading your little one. Each child will have their own lesson plan. Its preparation should be based on the interests of the baby and mother, as well as the presence of certain skills in the toddler. The plan includes attending sports and developmental classes, massage and other mandatory activities.

When drawing up a plan for the first time, it is better to focus on the minimum list of activities. After one or two weeks, you will be able to analyze how the child copes, whether any activities need to be added, what the child likes best, and what is more difficult for him.

Classes should be carried out only in a good mood and should be a pleasure for both parents and children

We offer the following approximate weekly schedule of developmental activities for a 3-year-old child:

	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
Physical development	Swimming	Charging according to video tutorial	Ball games		Charging with music	Playing with fitball	Outdoor games
Cognitive development	Studying numbers	Studying birds		Looking for the whole in detail		Study of natural phenomena	Studying colors
Sensory development		Sensory bag games	Studying tastes		Studying smells	Guessing objects by touch
Fine motor skills	Finger gymnastics	Game with clothespins	Playing with sand	Game with beads		Playing with water	Game with cereal
Musical development					Learning Musical Instruments		Music in the background
Speech development	Reading a fairy tale	Articulation gymnastics	Telling a story from a picture	Learning a verse	Audio fairy tale		Discussing the plot of the picture
Creative development		Drawing	Puppet show	Drawing	Games with a constructor	Coloring	Application
Social development		Learning etiquette		Games with peers		Learning words of politeness

Care and regimen

In the development of 3-year-old children, attention should be paid to maintaining the health of the children, so the importance of the daily routine and caring for the toddler is beyond doubt:

The baby should get enough rest. The approximate duration of sleep at 3 years of age is 12-13 hours a day. Many children may refuse to sleep during the day, but pediatricians note that preschoolers need rest during the day, so parents should try to put their child to sleep for 1-2 hours during the day.
A three-year-old child's morning should begin with hygiene procedures. The child must wash himself, brush his teeth and comb his hair. Parents should constantly remind their child to wash their hands before eating and after returning from a walk, as well as after using the toilet.
Many parents continue to harden their children and carry out procedures after naptime. Such procedures include sunbathing, walking in the fresh air, rubbing with a dampened towel, dousing the feet or the whole body, contrast showers, and swimming in ponds.
It is recommended to take a three-year-old child for walks 1-2 times a day, dressing the little one according to the weather.
The diet of a child of this age includes 4 meals, between which 3-4 hours pass. The nutritional value of the daily diet of three-year-old children is 1500-1800 kcal.

And once again about the most important thing: what happens to a child at 3 years old and why it is important to behave correctly during this difficult period, watch the video of child psychologist Yulia Milovanova on the Open TV Channel.

At the age of three, it is important to ensure that the child has toys that will support the baby’s physical activity (ball, bicycle, skittles, etc.). Also, for the games of a three-year-old toddler, you need construction sets and pyramids, lotto and cubes, books and posters, creativity kits and toys for role-playing games (dolls, animals, dishes, food and others).

As a rule, at a fairly young age, the child begins to express his desire to express the impressions that he receives in the process of growing up. He does this in different ways: voice, movements, actions. At a certain point, it is necessary to provide the child with the opportunity to express himself in a more varied way: give him pencils and paper, plasticine or construction sets, and teach him how to use them. The result of a child’s creative activity is an excellent means of monitoring and enriching his inner world. It is necessary to encourage children's creativity in every possible way in the form in which it is most acceptable for the child.

Fun game "Barbershop"

Purpose of the game: it doesn’t matter whether your child is learning to cut or is already a master of scissors, in any case, offer him a similar game: for beginners, learning by playing is more fun, and for the “advanced”, this is a new fun experiment!

You will need:

- sheets of A4 paper
- colored paper
- glue stick

How to make:

Fold the A4 sheet in half (if done in one layer, the paper will bend strongly due to the weight of the hair). Draw a man's face and cut it out. Cut out hair, mustaches, and beards from colored paper and glue them to the templates. Glue both halves of the paper together (the ends of the hair will remain inside) and you can get down to business.

This activity can be made more complicated, for example, you can make templates together with the child, or the child can make the templates themselves with the support and prompting of an adult.

The game "Barbershop" develops fine motor skills, attention, perseverance, and imagination.

Be sure to try this funny cutout too!

Modeling from plasticine

All parents try to spend their leisure time with their children usefully. No one will argue how useful modeling is for children. The very first material that children work with is, of course, plasticine. Small animals and insects from plasticine are the first things children learn to sculpt.

Modeling classes with children develop fine motor skills, develop imagination, help to master shapes, remember colors, develop imaginative thinking, cultivate neatness, accuracy and independence.

When talking about modeling for little ones, you need to think through all the details and look at the process through the eyes of your children. And let's start, perhaps, with the simplest.

Drawing lessons

Pencil drawing lessons step by step are activities that will help you master drawing techniques, regardless of ability or age. Drawing is really easy!

Just think how happy your baby will be when you tell her that from today we are learning to draw with a pencil! Why pencil? You need to start with something simple. And the easiest way to start is with light pencil drawings. Gradually you will master more and more complex skills. And, as a result, you can move on to working with paints. Drawing for children will become a favorite pastime and will gradually introduce kids to the wonderful world of bright images and favorite characters.

Summary of a kindergarten lesson on speech development. JOURNEY TO A FAIRY TALE for children 3-4 years old

journey into a fairy tale.

Objectives of the kindergarten lesson:

consolidate the ability to retell a work of art using the modeling method;
teach children to answer in complete sentences;
activate the dictionary;
develop children's coherent speech;
ability to reason, imagination, thinking, logic, develop children's creative abilities;
cultivate a love for Russian folk tales.

Equipment and materials for classes in kindergarten:

multimedia projector,
computer,
masks,
fox toy,
magic bag.

Progress of classes in kindergarten:

1. Organizational moment.

Children stand in a circle.

Educator: - You all hold hands and smile at each other.

Guys, today we will go on a fabulous journey.
If a fairy tale knocks on the door,
Hurry up and let her in
Because a fairy tale is a bird,
You'll get a little scared and won't find it.

2. Surprise moment.

A magic bag appears in which the fox's toys are hidden.

Guys, look, what is this?

That's right, someone forgot the magic bag, but there is something inside. Let's try to guess what is there, but not with the help of our eyes, but with the help of our hands. Now I’ll let a few guys feel it, and they have to name what’s inside the bag.

Children feel the bag and try to guess who is inside.

That's right, guys! This is a fox, she came running to us from a fairy tale. Guys, what is a fox called in fairy tales? (Fox-sister, little fox, Lisa Patrikeevna.)

How did you guess that there was a fox hidden in the bag? (She has a fluffy tail.)

3. Conversation.

Now, guys, let’s sit down on the chairs and let’s try to describe our guest.

Anechka, what can you tell us about fox fur? (A fox's fur is soft, fluffy, and red.)

Okay, Alyosha, what can you tell us about the fox’s face? (The fox’s muzzle is sharp, cunning, its ears are sharp and look like triangles.)

Well done, Alyosha. And Sasha will tell us about the fox's tail. (A fox's tail is long, soft, fluffy.)

Alice, why do you think the fox needs such a fluffy tail? (A fox's tail is long and fluffy to cover its tracks.)

Well done, Alice. What can you say about the character of the fox, what is it like in fairy tales? (The fox in fairy tales is cunning, a deceiver.)

Well done boys. The fox came running to us from a fairy tale, but which one do you think? In what fairy tales have we met a fox? (Fox with a rolling pin, Kolobok, Teremok, Mitten.)

Yes, indeed, in these fairy tales we meet a fox, but our guest came running from a fairy tale, where she offended the hare and kicked him out of the house. (Zayushkina's hut.)

4. Game with riddles.

That's right, guys, and the fox brought us riddles with her. Let's listen to them carefully and guess. First, by chance, a riddle and only then we tell the answer.

The presenter shows the slides.

Our animal lives in anxiety,
The trouble takes your feet away.
Come on, quickly guess
What is the animal's name? (Bunny.)

Who, big and clubfooted,
Did you take the honey out of the barrel with your paw?
I ate the sweetness and roared.
What's his name? (Bear.)

“Ku-ka-re-ku” he shouts loudly,
The wings flap loudly.
The faithful shepherd chicken
What's his name? (Rooster.)

I have excellent hearing
Sharp eyes and subtle sense of smell.
I immediately get into a fight with the cat,
Because I... (Dog.)

Jumping through the swamp
Green frog.
Green legs.
My name is... (Frog.)

Guys, look what animals we guessed. Are they all heroes of the fairy tale “Zayushkina’s Hut”? (No, the frog is from another fairy tale.)

5. Physical exercise.

After the game in kindergarten, the leader conducts physical exercises with the children.

That's right, guys, the fox sees that you are tired and wants to play with you. Do you want to play with the fox? Then we stand in a circle.

Hey guys, are you sleeping?
Show us the animals.
The fox has a sharp nose,
She has a fluffy tail.
Red fox fur coat
Inexpressible beauty.
Fox walks through the forest
He strokes the red fur coat.

The hare was jumping through the forest,
The hare was looking for food.
Suddenly the hare is on top of his head
The ears rose like arrows.
The bunny jumped and turned around
And he bent under a tree.

The bear crawled out of the den,
Misha stretches his legs
He walked on his toes
And then on the heels.

6. Modeling a fairy tale.

So we rested a little, and the fox invites us to the tables.

There are sheets of paper with circles and pencils on the tables, and a sheet of paper with circles on the board.

Guys, let's remember the fairy tale "Zayushkina's hut." Alice, tell me how the fairy tale begins.

Right! And Anya will come to the board and draw us a hare and a fox. Anya, what distinguishes a fox from other animals?

Let's show on the first lap that this is a fox. Let's draw sharp ears and a long muzzle.

What does the hare have that other heroes of our fairy tale do not have?

That's right, let's draw long ears for our hare.

What distinguishes the dog in our fairy tale? That's right, let's add a ring to our dog's tail.

Anya, what should we draw to show that this is a bear? Right! Let's draw small round ears.

Irina will continue the tale.

Anya, what’s special about the cockerel? Right! Let's draw a comb for our cockerel, you can paint on the beak.

How, Lera, does the fairy tale end?

Well done, guys, you remember the fairy tale “Zayushkina’s Hut” well, and now let’s dramatize it in verse, as we taught you.

7. Dramatization of a fairy tale.

Children are given roles and masks.

And now, guys, you will turn into little animals. Once upon a time there lived a fox and a bunny. They decided to build each for themselves
hut. The fox built an ice one, and the bunny built a bast one. But then the red spring came, and the fox’s hut melted.

Fox:

Oh, oh, oh, here, oblique!
How to be? Where is my house?

Hare:

The whole hut is yours with a porch
She ran into the river.
Don't worry too much
You move in with me.

Lisa (speaks to the side):

I'm lucky, I'll tell the sideways one.
I'll kick him out of the house.
I don't want to live with him
Divide the crust of bread.

Addresses the hare:

Hey, listen, dear Zaya!
There is news!

Hare: - Come on! Which?

Fox:

There is a vegetable garden behind the forest,
There's cabbage all year round!

Hare:

Is it really already time?
Come on, come on, I'll run
And I'll look for cabbage!
What's this? The door is closed.

Fox (looking out of the house):- I live in a hut now. The hare ran to look for cabbage, and the fox snuck around and took over his house.

A bunny came running, but the door was locked.

Hare: - Yes, this is my house!

Fox: - I won’t let you in, scythe!

The hare moves away, sits down next to him and cries.

The hare built himself a very strong house,
Yes, an evil fox settled in him.
Who wouldn't be afraid to help a bunny?
The cunning fox
Who will drive you away?

A dog appears.

Dog:

Woof woof woof!
I have a hot temper!
I'm not afraid of quarrels or fights!
Show me where is your enemy?

Hare:

Here he sits in my hut,
There are ears sticking out of the window.

Dog:

Hey fox, do you hear the barking?
Woof, woof, woof, go away!

Fox:

As I swing my tail,
I'll burn you with fire, beware!

Dog (cowardly):

Oh, I completely forgot, oblique!
I need to go home quickly!

Leading:

Sitting on the stump again
Poor little bunny, he's sad.
He doesn't know what to do
He wipes away the tears with his paw.

A bear appears.

Bear:

I'm Mishka the couch potato
I slept long and deeply.
I'm not afraid of quarrels or fights!
Show me where your enemy is!

Hare:

Here he sits in my hut,
There are ears sticking out of the window.

Bear:

Hey! Who's in the hut?
Here you will get it!

Fox:

As I swing my tail,
I'll burn you with fire, beware!

Bear (cowardly):

Oh, I completely forgot, oblique!
I need to go home quickly!
(the bear leaves)
Who won't be afraid
Can you help Bunny?
The cunning fox
Who will drive you away?
The cockerel appears

Rooster:

Ku-ka-re-ku, ku-ka-re-ku!
I will help, I will help!
Don't cry, don't cry, oblique,
We'll deal with the fox quickly!

Fox:

As I swing my tail,
I'll burn you with fire, beware!

Rooster:

How to shake a comb -
And the whole house will fall apart!
I have a braid
Come on, come out, fox!

Fox:

The fox runs out of the house and runs into the forest.

Hare:

Well, thank you, Rooster!
Helped me deal with the fox!
We'll live in a house together,
Live together and not bother!

8. Summing up.

Well done. Guys, did you like the fairy tale? What does she teach us?

Well, it's time for us to say goodbye,
And part with the fairy tale.

Junior preschool age is an important stage in the development of children, which is characterized by the active enrichment of children’s life experience through familiarization with new information, as well as the acquisition of ways of perceiving it: accumulation, systematization and analysis. In this regard, the leading role in the educational process with children of the first (1.5–3 years old) and second (3–4 years old) junior groups is acquired by classes that are aimed at the full development of pupils in various areas of educational activities.

The mission of developmental classes in the first and second junior groups

Development is an important component of the goals of any educational course practiced with kindergarten students. Moreover, certain aspects of development are an obligatory part not only of direct educational activities (DEA), but also of routine moments and entertainment. Therefore, considering the goals and objectives of development classes in such a broad sense, it is appropriate to talk about the mission of this area as a whole in a preschool educational institution (DOU). The goals and objectives of development classes are determined by strategies for changing the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children of the first and second junior groups.

Developmental goals are determined by the age characteristics of children 1.5–4 years old

Goals of development classes with children 1.5–3 years old

The essence of development classes in the first junior group is determined by the development of three fundamental life acquisitions for children 1.5–3 years old - upright walking, speech and object interaction. This:

learning to manipulate various objects, understanding their purpose (during games);
formation of the ability to understand and use speech in communication (expanding the passive vocabulary, gradually transforming it into active);
nurturing a collective spirit (even taking into account the fact that children of the first junior group act and play not together, but side by side, they see that all types of work are performed simultaneously and the tasks are the same for everyone).

Goals of development classes with children 3–4 years old

In the second junior group, the strategy for achieving the goals set in the last academic year continues. At the same time, the emphasis, due to the fact that at 3–4 years old children master an extensive complex of sounds and grammar of the language, is placed on the development of speech:

including children in dialogue (with adults, with each other);
stimulation of curiosity as a means of understanding the world (due to their age, children constantly ask the question “why”, which adults should never ignore);
understanding the benefits of group games (fun, interesting, new).

The objectives of developmental classes depend on the educational field within which they are considered.

If in the first group the main indicators of development are the development of upright walking, speech and subject interaction, then in the second the emphasis is on the development of communication skills and the ability to work not side by side, but together

Table: main tasks of developmental classes in the first and second junior groups

Educational area	Tasks for the first junior group	Tasks for the second junior group
Cognition	Obtaining primary knowledge about yourself (gender, name), as well as about your family members (names, degree of relationship); acquaintance with the objects of the surrounding reality (kindergarten, canteen, first-aid post); developing the ability to explain the purpose of familiar objects (color, shape, material); familiarization with numbers up to 5 and elementary geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle); stimulating curiosity (for example, in relation to searching for pictures of the first spring flowers after looking at a bouquet of snowdrops in a group).	Expanding knowledge about yourself (full name, age, address); enriching ideas about the world around (familiarity with the concepts of planet, country, city); developing the ability to describe objects according to a set of sensory qualities; mastering the concepts of more, less, equally; learning to count to 5; enriching ideas about geometric shapes; broadening their horizons (by introducing elements of a heuristic approach into the lesson, when kids, for example, themselves select cards with birds from a set of pictures with images of animals).
Social and communicative direction	Accustoming oneself to maintaining neatness independently (through mastering table manners and washing); involvement in maintaining order (for example, children help the teacher put away toys); highlighting the advantages of playing with peers (for example, you can play with a friend’s favorite car if you take turns rolling it); developing the ability to guess the mood based on characteristic external signs (for example, the girl’s smile in the picture means she’s in a good mood).	Continuing to work on introducing neatness and helping to maintain cleanliness in the room (children help wipe off dust, take out or put away equipment for cleaning the group); expanding the range of types of games, including the beginning of mastering games with rules (for example, outdoor games “Catch-up” or “Hide and Seek”); active use of partner games (children understand that playing together, and not just next to each other, is more interesting, which is also facilitated by the level of speech development).
Speech development	Encouraging the child to engage in verbal interaction (for example, when the teacher “does not understand” what the child is trying to convey to him, provoking him to make a statement); work on mastering sound pronunciation (vowels, “p”, “b”, “m”, “f”, “v”, “t”, “d”, “n”, “k”, “g”, “x” , "th"); enrichment of passive vocabulary by topic (for example, by showing children pictures with images of the signs of the seasons, the teacher ensures that children combine the words “winter”, “snow”, “New Year” or “autumn” and “leaf fall” into separate blocks) .	Mastering the scale (normally, by the age of 4, a child should pronounce all sounds except “l” and “r”), as well as grammatical norms of the language (word agreement in sentences, ways of forming the plural; enriching speech with words-names of baby animals (chicken, kitten, etc.); development of the ability to answer questions in detail.
Physical development	Learning to coordinate body parts when performing exercises with one type of physical activity (running only or jumping only).	Continuation of work on training coordination of movements, but in exercises with 1-2 changes of actions (from walking to running or from walking to squats, and then to jumping).
Artistic and aesthetic development	Learning to use pencils, felt-tip pens, paints and hold writing objects correctly; familiarization with plastic materials (plasticine, clay), rolling them into “sausages”, “balls”, “flat cakes”; developing the correct posture while working.	Mastering simple types of appliqué (for example, creating a snowman figure or blank circles); the use of color in accordance with the image of the depicted object (for example, children paint the sun yellow, the sky blue); mastering non-traditional drawing techniques (with fingers, cotton swabs); developing the skill of creating simple figures from plastic materials (making a mushroom from a “ball” and a “sausage”).

This is interesting. In the second younger group, the adult becomes a role model for the child, and the desire to copy his actions conflicts with the real capabilities of the little person. The resolution of this internal conflict is facilitated by role-playing games, in which the baby can play the role of a doctor, teacher, mother or father.

By the age of three, a child learns a lot: motor skills improve, the nervous system becomes more stable and efficient, and speech develops.

But as before, the main activity of a three-year-old child remains play. Therefore, any activities for children 2-3 years old that develop personality should be carried out exclusively in a playful way.

Main types of development:

Physical, aimed at increasing endurance, agility, coordination.
Cognitive, helping to study the world around us and its properties, as well as developing attention, memory and logic.
Sensory, improving tactile sensitivity, helping to recognize various objects by taste and smell.
Musical, influencing hearing, instilling musical taste and a sense of rhythm.
Speech, expanding vocabulary and developing correct pronunciation.
Development of motor skills, stimulating speech improvement.

Due attention should also be paid to the socialization of the baby: communicate a lot with him, organize games with peers, especially if he does not attend kindergarten.

Speech development

There are certain norms and rules for teaching speech:

Most children begin to make meaningful sounds at about one year of age.
There are also healthy babies who are in no hurry to speak. Correct pronunciation is formed around the age of 5-6 years.
Mainly, it depends on the type of their character and temperament. A friendly, cheerful child tends to speak earlier. A calmer, observant child watches what is happening around him for a long time before he wants to speak out.
By the age of 3, the child’s speech is enriched with vocabulary, sentences become more complex and detailed.
If he has a slight speech delay but is otherwise well developed, don't worry too much. This can be corrected by periodically correcting the baby in an extremely friendly tone, as well as regularly conducting developmental activities at home with a 3-4 year old child.

The main ones:

learning easy songs and short poems;
discussion of plot pictures;
listening to simple fairy tales;
discussion of the past day;
exercises to develop phonemic hearing;

conversations on the topic: “What if?”;
performing articulatory gymnastics;
watching well and clearly voiced short thematic cartoons.

Important! Don't focus on what the child is doing wrong. The main thing is to praise the child for the smallest success, so as not to cause resistance to learning.

Development of logic and attention

Important rules for developing logic in a child

Children at the age of 3 learn about the world directly through helping adults and communicating with them. Therefore, you should not underestimate any help that the baby offers, even if it turns out clumsily and sloppily.
It is worth being patient and not limiting the actions of an inquisitive baby, after all, this is how he gets acquainted with reality.
There is no need to waste time explaining cause-and-hereditary relationships, from hand marks on a foggy window glass to the rain that comes from an overcrowded cloud.

We must remember that such things are not obvious to children and require detailed explanation. After all, logic is just beginning to develop, and the baby is not able to build logical chains on his own.

This type of education will help the child understand the world around him and the characteristics of individual objects, and will give him a first understanding of mathematics.

Examples of activities to improve logic at 3 years old:

Search for color by image and name;
Selection of flat geometric shapes according to the sample;
Games with sorters: nesting dolls, inserts, large puzzles, clothespins, pyramids, Legos;
Remembering the place where there was a toy that the adult removed;
Selection of a whole picture from one detail;
Learning concepts: top-bottom, right-left;
Generalization of objects according to one particular characteristic: they swim, fly, and so on.
Study of phenomena and the natural world;
Determining an extra item in a group;
Choosing opposites;
Studying numbers;
Selection of “shadows” for objects in the picture;
Selection of patches;
Adding items that are missing;
Studying counting, bending fingers one by one;
Active activities: repetition of gestures, possibly with musical accompaniment.

Development of fine motor skills

Fine motor skills are responsible for the ability to make precise movements using the hands and fingers as a result of the coordinated actions of the muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems. When it comes to hand motor skills, the term “dexterity” is most often used.

It has been proven that there is a direct relationship between fine motor skills and speech development. Therefore, the better fine motor skills are developed, the faster the child learns to speak, the more dexterous he is, and the better and faster his reaction.

Activities and exercises that develop fine motor skills for children 3, 4 and 5 years old:

Every child from birth has great potential for improvement.

General rules for the comprehensive development of a three-year-old child:

There is no need to limit the baby’s space with a playpen, crib or other barriers. Free movement stimulates the development of logic.
It is necessary to provide a favorable microclimate, a calm, friendly environment, and provide the opportunity to gain new impressions and sensations. This will cultivate curiosity in the child.

It is important to make the baby feel that he is completely safe - this way he will have the opportunity not to be afraid of new things and make his own discoveries.

Don't underestimate the strength of a child. Once he has shown interest in something, he is often able to master it, even if with your help.
It is important to develop imagination and not limit it to certain boundaries and rules. You need to give him the opportunity to improvise and act creatively, for example, if he painted the sky pink and the flower taller than the house, you should not rush to correct or criticize the baby.
Each day, no more than half an hour should be devoted to developmental activities, preferably at the same time, otherwise there is a risk of overexerting the child, as well as developing rejection and disorganization in him.
There is no need to teach your child such complex things ahead of time. like correct pronunciation, writing and knowing numbers by heart, especially forcing him to do something for which he is not ready either psychologically or physically. This may do more harm than good.

Developmental activities for children 3-4 years old - video

A 3-4 year old child should play enough, as nature intended, and the mother’s main task is to support, love him, have fun, establish certain rules in the family, and give him the opportunity to play with his peers. It is also important to know how to properly organize the process of playing with three-year-old children.
This is covered in the next two videos.

Every mother needs to remember that the development of a child at 3 years old should occur naturally, in a relaxed atmosphere. If the baby is active, inquisitive, healthy, and has a good appetite, it is important not to overload him with any unnecessary intellectual activities. From 3 to 5 years old, the best option for a child is the development of the emotional sphere, namely, free play with peers. This is how children learn to interact: quarrel, make peace, set rules. And only if the child’s need for play is satisfied, will he want to learn.

What do you think about early childhood development? What games did your baby love the most? Perhaps there were ones in which he refused to participate at all? Write in the comments.