Morning exercises in kindergarten provide a cheerful boost of energy for the whole day. Gymnastics is carried out before breakfast by a physical education instructor or teacher.
Doing physical exercise in the morning helps solve several important problems:
- In the short term, it awakens the child’s body and switches attention to a collective activity.
- In the long term, it prevents the appearance of flat feet, promotes the formation of correct posture, strengthens muscles, etc.
Morning exercises in kindergarten are suitable for everyone: inactive children become more active after it, and hyperactive or excited children calm down. In addition, regular exercise in the morning accustoms children to a healthy lifestyle, and on weekends they themselves ask their parents to do exercises with them.
Morning exercises include:
- directly gymnastics,
- outdoor and sports games.
Rules for conducting morning exercises in preschool educational institutions
There are a number of contraindications for gymnastics. If your child has:
- disorder of the cardiovascular system,
- musculoskeletal disorder,
- significant general weakness,
- then he should be exempted from morning exercises.
The set of exercises is designed in such a way as to alternately “stretch” different muscle groups. Morning exercises always have an introductory part, a main part and a final part.
Gymnastics begins with a short walk and slow run. After this, the children line up to perform general developmental exercises.
First of all, tasks include exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the shoulder girdle. Children raise their arms up, pull forward, to the sides. Such exercises are aimed at preventing scoliosis and strengthening the chest.
This is followed by exercises to strengthen the leg muscles. Children put their legs to the side one by one, back, squat, raise their leg bent at the knee, etc.
The final set of exercises includes the abdominal, back and torso muscles. Children bend forward, to the sides, and turns.
Gymnastics ends with a calm activity: short walking, relaxation, finger play, exercises to restore breathing.
If gymnastics is carried out in subgroups, its duration depends on the age of the children:
- for the younger group – 4-5 minutes,
- for the average group – 5-6 minutes,
- for the older group – 8-10 minutes,
- for the preparatory group – 10-12 minutes.
Features of morning exercises by subgroups:
Junior group
Morning exercises in kindergarten are included in the regime of the younger group. As a rule, it consists of 3-4 general developmental exercises, walking and running.
It starts with walking, interspersed with running. ORU (general developmental exercises) are carried out in a playful way, accessible to children of primary preschool age: for example, to walk like a horse/bear/fox. Each exercise is repeated 4-5 times. The gymnastics ends with leisurely walking.
To maintain children's interest in exercise, you can use additional equipment: hoops-"houses", cubes, rattles, plumes. It is recommended to involve musical accompaniment, for example, a tambourine, spoons.
It is better to exclude exercises with hoops and sticks, since it is difficult for children at such a young age to hold these objects.
Children of primary preschool age cannot always concentrate, so small mistakes are made in completing tasks.
Middle group
The number of outdoor switchgear increases to 4-5, repeated 5-6 times. Walking and running are also complemented by other exercises. Children work with equipment: a hoop, cubes, ribbons, a ball and others.
At the beginning of morning exercises, short-term walking is given in different ways. Children independently change the pace of walking according to the beats of a tambourine, for example. That is, they learn to perform movements clearly according to the instructions.
Senior group
In the older group, children are already getting dressed for morning exercises. It is held in physical education or music halls. The hall is ventilated before the start of classes.
Charging includes 5-6 outdoor switchgear, equipment is actively used: a pigtail cord, a gymnastic stick, a ball and others.
The complex consists of a sequence of exercises that are performed at a specified tempo or in accordance with a musical pattern. Children learn dance movements, learn to walk with extended and alternating steps, and do jumps.
Children of senior preschool age have a well-developed memory, so they can repeat a set of exercises on their own, without the help of a teacher.
Preparatory group
The set of exercises for the preparatory group does not differ significantly from the morning exercises carried out in the senior group. The number of repetitions of the outdoor switchgear is 6-8 times. Exercises with a variety of equipment are widely used: children's dumbbells, jump ropes, air or inflatable balls, jumpers. In addition, tasks with a “buffet wall” are included.
The approach to completing tasks is changing. The child is required to perform well and the exercises must be practiced clearly.
Literature:
- THOSE. Kharchenko. Morning exercises in kindergarten. Exercises for children 3-5 years old. Moscow. Mosaic-Synthesis. 2011
- G.L. Prokhorova. Morning exercises in kindergarten for children 2-7 years old. Moscow: Iris press. 2004
Morning exercises in the senior group “Friendship is a miracle!”
Morning exercises are a very important component of physical education and health work with preschoolers. It is aimed at improving the health, strengthening, and developing the physical qualities and abilities of children, and consolidating motor skills. The need to begin morning exercises after waking up requires, and therefore develops, the child’s strong-willed qualities: perseverance, discipline, perseverance, independence.
Our kindergarten has excellent conditions for the physical development of children: there is a spacious, well-equipped gym, and a large sports ground on the territory of the kindergarten. As an instructor, I offer children interesting forms of exercise. Children enjoy performing exercises to the accompaniment of music, in a playful way, which contributes to a cheerful start to the day. Professionally selected physical exercises for a certain age contribute to the physical improvement of preschoolers. In addition to health-improving tasks during morning exercises, we solve the problems of moral education, namely the formation of cooperation skills and friendly relationships in children of senior preschool age. I bring to your attention exercises carried out in pairs.
Educational technologies used: health-saving, playful, personality-oriented.
Target: Promote health and friendly relationships between children.
Tasks:
Create a positive emotional mood, give a charge of vigor.
Develop all muscle groups, coordination of movements, sense of rhythm, speech breathing.
Cultivate the habit of daily exercise.
Develop the ability to simultaneously start and finish exercises to music in a timely manner.
To develop skills of cooperation and friendly relationships in children of senior preschool age.
Morning exercises are performed with musical accompaniment.
1. Introductory part. Line up according to height. Executing commands.
Instructor: Every day for us, guys, begins.....
Children: From charging!
Instructor: And of course, it is very important that you do exercises...
Children: Every!
Form a column one at a time, turning on the spot.
Types of walking and running: normal walking: at the teacher’s signal “one or two”, children line up in a column of two and one at a time; normal running: at the teacher’s signal “one or two”, the children line up in a column of two and one at a time; fast walking with a gradual slowdown. Formation into a column of two by turning while moving and into two ranks (opposite) by turning in place.
2. Main part.
A set of general developmental exercises in pairs.
1. “We reached out together in unison,
And they smiled at each other!”
I.p. – standing with your feet together, facing each other, holding hands, hands down. 1-2 – step back, arms up in arcs outwards, stretch, inhale, 3-4 – ip, exhale; 5-8 – the same in the other direction.
2."Let's swing a little,
Let’s put our foot to the side.”
I.p. – standing with your feet together, facing each other, holding hands, arms down. 1-2 – step to the right (left), foot on the toe, arms to the sides, inhale, 3-4 – i.p., exhale; 5-8 – the same in the other direction.
3."Strongmen".
I.p. – standing with your feet apart, facing each other at a distance of a step, right hand forward, left hand bent in front of the chest, resting your palms on your partner’s palms. 1-14 – alternate flexion – extension of the arms with little mutual resistance. 4. "We bend in sync,
Right, left, back straight!”
I.p. – standing with your feet apart, your backs close to each other. Hands on the belt. 1- tilt to the right, feeling your partner’s back; 2- i.p.; 3-4 – the same to the left.
5. "And now we will turn around,
And let’s smile at each other.”
I.p. – standing with your feet apart, your backs to each other at a distance of a step, hands to your shoulders. 1 – turn to the right, right hand forward, touch the partner’s palm; 2- i.p.; 3-4 – the same to the left. 6. "Pedal together,
And you will stay where you are!”
I.p. - lying down, opposite each other, 1-8 - forward and backward movements are performed synchronously with the right leg;
7. “We squat very friendly,
You need to keep your back straight."
I.p. – standing with feet hip-width apart, holding hands, at arm's length from each other. 1-16 – squats; 1-16 - walking in place. 8. "We are friends".
I.p. – standing with your feet together, facing each other, arms down. 1-2 – step forward, turn your head to the right, arms to the sides, inhale; 3-4 – children hug each other; 5-6 – ip, exhale.
Psychotraining exercise with elements of self-massage "Friendship".
“Our hands are friends, our fingers are friends”– children massage their fingers, rub their palms against each other, achieving a feeling of warmth;
“The girls and boys in our group are friends”- press their palms to the palms of their partner, close their eyes, smile and mentally wish each other health, happiness, joy.
Form into a column of two, turning on the spot.
Detour movement by normal walking in pairs with the words:
“We are friendly guys!
We arrived at the kindergarten.
And everyone does physical education
I’m very happy to work out!”
Tazhetdinova Dinara Vakilevna, teacher of kindergarten No. 106 “Zabava”, Naberezhnye Chelny, RT
Long-term plan for October
Morning exercises
Target: continue to exercise children in walking, running, bending, and squatting. Develop the ability to act on a signal. To teach children to perform exercises in accordance with the spoken words, to make children want to participate in morning exercises.
Complex ORU "Friendly Family"
1. I. p.: legs slightly apart, hands behind your back; slap in front of the face 8 times while the teacher says:
Dad, mom, brother and I, Together - a friendly family!
Place your hands behind your back. Repeat 3 times.
2. We all bend over together and do physical exercise!
I. p.: legs apart, hands on the waist. Bend forward, palms on knees, look forward. Return to i. n. Repeat 5 times.
3. Dad is big, and I am small. I may be small, but I am remote.
I. p.: legs slightly apart, hands on the waist. Sit down, hands down. Return to i. p. Repeat 4-5 times.
4. We jump together, This is very necessary! Who will jump higher - Mom or Misha?
I. p.: legs slightly apart, hands behind your back. Perform 6-8 jumps; short walk (5-6 sec). Repeat 2 times.
5. We inhale air through our nose, and exhale air through our mouth. We are not afraid of colds, We don’t need to see doctors!
I. p.: legs apart, arms down. Hands to the sides, inhale through the nose. Return to i. p., exhale through the mouth, lips with a tube. Repeat 3-4 times.
Gymnastics after sleep.
Target: promote awakening after daytime sleep, tone the entire body, affecting biologically active points. Strengthen the respiratory tract. Give a boost of energy for the second half of the day.
1. “Stretch”. I.P.: lying on your back, arms along the body, stretching.
2. “The forest dweller sleeps in a suspended cradle in the summer.” (nut).
I. p.: lying on your back, arms along your body, inhale, sit with straight legs, hands to your toes, exhale, inhale, etc. P.
3. “Here the Christmas tree bent over, green needles.”
I. p.: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands below, inhale, exhale, bend the torso forward, inhale, etc. p., exhale, tilt.
4. “Here is a tall pine tree standing and moving its branches.”
I. p.: O. With. inhale, arms to the sides, exhale, tilt the torso to the right, inhale, exhale, tilt the torso to the left.
5. “Children wearing berets fell from a branch and lost their berets” (acorns).
I. p.: O. With. , hands behind your head, inhale - rise on your toes, exhale - sit down.
6. “Alena is standing, green foliage, thin figure, white sundress” (birch).
I. p.: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms along the body, inhale, arms up through the sides, rise onto your toes, exhale, etc. P.
Gymnastics for the eyes.
Target: help relieve static tension in the eye muscles and improve blood circulation. Help strengthen the eye motor system.
1. Slow blinking for 10 seconds.
“The butterflies flew and flapped their wings.” Children flutter their eyelashes.
2. Improve visual tracking vertically and horizontally; fixation of gaze.
Raise your head up - look at the ceiling; lower it down - look at the floor. Turn your head left, right. Head movements are accompanied by eye movements.
Use bright toys as guides.
3. “Let’s warm our eyes.”
Invite children to rub their palms together and cover their eyes with them. (eyes under palms closed). “Let’s rub our palms so they become warm. Let’s close our eyes and put our palms on them, warm our eyes.” (Eyes closed for 5-10 seconds).
Finger gymnastics.
Target: develop hand motor skills, coordination of finger movements, train children to reproduce actions according to the text, cultivate attention and memory.
"Leaf Fall"
Leaf fall, leaf fall!
Leaves are flying in the wind:
Raise your hands up. Swinging your hands from side to side, slowly lower your arms (leaves fall).
From maple - maple,
Straighten your fingers and spread them as far apart as possible.
From oak - oak,
Straighten your fingers and press them tightly together.
From aspen - aspen,
Connect the index and thumb in the form of a ring.
With rowanberry.
Straighten your fingers and spread them slightly to the sides.
The forest and garden are full of leaves
What a joy for the guys!
Clap your hands.
"Autumn"
The winds shake the apple trees.
Hands stand on the table, resting on the elbows (trunks), fingers spread apart (apple tree crowns). Shake your arms.
Leaves fly off the branches.
The hands are relaxed and parallel to the table. Using smooth movements from side to side, slowly lower your hands onto the table surface (leaves fall).
Leaves are falling in the garden
I row them with a rake.
The fingers of both hands rest on the table surface with pads (rake). Raising your hands, scrape your fingers along the surface of the table, pretending to work with a rake.
Breathing exercises.
Goal: to develop the respiratory muscles, speech apparatus, coordination of movements, muscles of the arms and spine, promote correct rhythmic breathing and pronunciation of sounds.
1. "Leaf Fall"
Target: development of smooth, long inhalation and exhalation.
Invite your child to blow on the leaves so that they fly. Along the way, you can tell which leaves fell from which tree. 4-5 times
2. "Tree in the Wind"
Target: formation of the respiratory apparatus.
IP: sitting on the floor cross-legged (options: sitting on your knees or on your heels, legs together). The back is straight. Raise your arms up above your head with an inhalation and lower them down to the floor in front of you with an exhalation, while bending your torso slightly, as if bending a tree.
3. "Angry Hedgehog"
Target: development of smooth, long exhalation.
Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Imagine how a hedgehog curls up into a ball when in danger. Bend down as low as possible without lifting your heels from the floor, clasp your chest with your hands, lower your head, exhaling “p-f-f” - the sound made by an angry hedgehog, then “f-r-r” - and this is a satisfied hedgehog. Repeat with your child three to five times.
Hardening procedures.
Target: prevention of colds, help maintain and strengthen physical and mental health, strengthen the immune system.
Sun, air baths,
Healthy walks, daily;
Extensive washing, washing with cool water before eating, after each contamination of hands;
Air baths after sleep, during physical education class
Walking barefoot under normal conditions and on ribbed paths after sleep, during physical education classes (time increases gradually)
Articulation gymnastics.
Target: development of articulatory motor skills.
1. “Let’s count the bottom teeth”
Smile, open your mouth slightly. Place the tip of your tongue against each lower tooth in turn. The jaw doesn't move.
2. “The steamer is humming”
Lips in a smile, open your mouth, say with tension a long “y-y-y...”
3. "Smile"
Stretch your lips to the sides without showing your teeth. (hold until 10).
4. “Delicious jam”
Smile, open your mouth, and lick your upper lip with a wide, cup-shaped tongue.
Sleep plays a vital role in a child's daily routine. How the baby wakes up depends on his mood, state of health and how he will spend the rest of the day. In kindergarten, organizing a proper awakening is more difficult than for parents at home, because it is necessary for 15, 20, or even 30 people to throw off the shackles of Morpheus almost simultaneously, and to do it correctly. Solving such a problem is not easy, but with knowledge of some methodological nuances it is quite possible.
Goals, objectives and techniques
Gymnastics after sleep is a set of exercises that provide a smooth transition from calmness to wakefulness.
The objectives of such classes are:
- increase in muscle tone;
- improved mood;
- prevention of colds;
- strengthening the respiratory system;
- preventing the development of problems with posture, flat feet;
- fostering the habit of stretching the body after waking up.
Not only his mood, but also the emotional atmosphere of the entire group depends on how each child wakes up.
To achieve the goals, every day the teacher selects exercises to solve problems such as:
- toning the nervous system (that is, preventing irritability and anxiety that may arise after waking up);
- improving the functioning of the body’s main systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, as well as stabilizing the body’s protective functions);
- creating a positive atmosphere in the group.
All this is possible with the right combination of gymnastics techniques after sleep.
Types of gymnastics, or a little about the terms
Gymnastics after sleep in some sources is called corrective, and sometimes includes corrective in its range of types.
This is interesting. Corrective gymnastics (from the Latin corrigo - straightening, correcting) is a type of therapeutic gymnastics - special exercises to eliminate postural disorders; it also has a general strengthening effect (trains the functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, strengthens individual muscle groups); restores balance between the curvatures of the spine.
Based on the definition, which includes the main goals and objectives of performing exercises after sleep, we can conclude that gymnastics after sleep, invigorating and corrective are all terms of the same synonymous series. Types of corrective exercises can be:
- correctional exercises (exercises aimed at correcting some specific disorders in the functioning of the child’s body, for example, flat feet or curvature of the chest);
- hardening (except for walking, hardening is not the lot of many people, because this is a special type of health procedures, which is carried out, as a rule, in specialized groups, it includes washing with cold water, dousing on the street, etc.);
- lazy gymnastics (exercises that are performed lying down, sitting, without sudden movements of strong physical exertion);
- physical education minutes (conducted regularly during breaks during classes, so that children not only take a break, but also work to strengthen the body);
- preventive gymnastics (a universal set of exercises that is most often used in preschool institutions).
This is interesting. Preventive gymnastics is sometimes called invigorating.
Types of exercises
If we talk about corrective gymnastics after sleep, it includes:
- exercises immediately after waking up - in bed;
- exercises using exercise equipment (for example, massage mats, balls, etc.);
- corrective tasks to prevent flat feet, spinal curvature, etc.;
- breathing exercises.
Rules for conducting invigorating gymnastics
To prepare children for the period of wakefulness in the afternoon, it is worth following a number of recommendations developed by the experience of teachers:
Methodology
If we summarize the above-mentioned features of the organization of corrective gymnastics, we can come to the conclusion that the optimal ratio would be a combination of 2-3 exercises in bed, 1-3 on the floor or on a rug and 2-3 breathing exercises performed to calm music (for example, sounds of nature or classics). In general, it will take 5–10 minutes to complete the gymnastics.
Spending 5-10 minutes after sleep helps maintain and improve children's health
Table: card index of exercises after sleep
| date | Exercise name | Description |
| September | Gymnastics in bed | |
| "Bike" | I. p.: lying on your back, “turn the pedals with the sound “w-w-w” (6 times) | |
| "Kitty" | I. p.: lying in the position of a sleeping cat, purr. The kitten kneels down and arches its back with the sound “sh-sh-sh” (6 times). | |
| "Hand massage" | I. p.: sitting, legs crossed. We wash our hands, rub our palms vigorously until a strong feeling of warmth is felt, apply pressure on each finger (6 times). | |
| Exercises on the mat | ||
| Children imitate movements in accordance with the text 3–4 times | I ask you to rise - this time, The head turned - that's two. Hands down, look forward - that's three. Hands to the sides - four, Press them forcefully to your shoulders - five. All the guys sit down quietly - that's six. |
|
| Breathing exercises | ||
| "Growl" | Growl for a long time as you exhale, baring your teeth, bending your tense fingers like claws. | |
| "Angry Dog" | Inhale sharply through the mouth, pronouncing “rr...”, with a simultaneous sharp blow of the hands overlapping the back (while standing, bending over). Exhale the same way through the nose. | |
| October | Gymnastics in bed | |
| "Stretch" | I. p.: lying on your back. We stretch our heels forward and both hands up (6 times). | |
| "Cheburashka" | I. p.: sitting cross-legged. We sculpt ears for Cheburashka, stroke the ears (“we apply clay” so that the ears do not come off (6 times). | |
| "Pinocchio" | I. p.: sitting on my knees, we sculpt a beautiful nose for Pinocchio. Pinocchio draws “sun”, “carrot”, “house” with his nose (6 times). | |
| Exercises on the mat | ||
| Children imitate the movements and repeat 3-4 times. | They jump and jump in the woods, Hares are gray balls, Jump - jump, jump - jump. The little bunny stood on a stump, I built everyone in order, Began to show charging. Once - everyone walks in place. Two - they wave their hands together. Three sat down and stood up together. We reached four. Five - bent over and bent over. The six all stood in a row again, They walked like a squad. |
|
| Walking along corrective and salt paths. | ||
| Breathing exercises | ||
| "Penknife" | I. p.: lying on your back. As you exhale, bend your torso toward your legs, which do not lift off the floor. Pronounced while exhaling “Ha! " Repeat 3-4 times. | |
| "Pump" | I. p. - standing, hands in front of the chest, fingers clenched into fists. Leaning down with straight legs, exhale, saying [w]. As you straighten up, inhale through your nose. Repeat 6–8 times. | |
| “Who is better at inflating a toy?” | Inhale through the nose (1-4, exhale slowly through the mouth, into the hole of the toy (1-8). | |
| April | ||
Morning exercises at a preschool educational institution. Consultation for educators.
Health-improving gymnastics
In preschool institutions, morning exercises according to the daily routine are carried out before breakfast after children have already been quite active, varied activities. In these conditions, gymnastics pursues the goal of organizing a children's team, switching children's attention from free, individual games and activities to joint activities.
Due to the simultaneous joint moderate motor activity, more excited children, who have already run and jumped, calm down, while less active children become more active. All this creates an even, cheerful mood in all children, preparing them for subsequent classes. Thus, the educational value of morning exercises, when carried out not immediately after sleep, but after some time, expands. It becomes an integral organizing moment in the daily routine, teaching children to a certain discipline and order.
At the same time, the enormous health value of morning exercises remains. Daily physical exercise has a beneficial effect on the physical development and functional state of the child’s body. The content of gymnastics consists of exercises for various muscle groups (shoulder girdle, torso, legs, etc.). Their systematic repetition strengthens the child’s motor system. Exercises are widely included to prevent poor posture and prevent flat feet. Running and jumping further enhance breathing and circulation, cardiac activity and other physiological functions. All this contributes to the normal functioning of the body and increases its performance.
Structure and content of morning exercises
Any physical activity, including morning exercises, begins with a warm-up and ends with recovery exercises. Since morning exercises are not long (4 - 12 minutes) and the physical activity involved is not great, this requirement is observed as a general principle.
In kindergarten age groups, morning exercises as an obligatory part of the daily routine are carried out daily before breakfast.
From spring to late autumn, morning exercises are carried out outdoors on the playground, and in rainy weather - indoors at the preschool educational institution. In winter, a gym, music or choreography room is used for morning exercises; the air temperature in them should not exceed 16-18 degrees C. Before classes, the room is well ventilated and wet cleaned.
Gymnastics is of great health value, provided that it is systematically performed by children.
Morning exercises are conventionally divided into three parts: introductory, main and final. Each part has its own tasks and content. In the first, introductory part organize children's attention, teach them coordinated actions, develop correct posture and prepare the body to perform more complex exercises. For this purpose, they include: formations (in a column, in a line); drill exercises (turns and half-turns to the left, right, around); rebuilding from one column into two, from two columns into four, into a circle, several circles, closing and opening with side steps; short walking, alternating with exercises that help strengthen the musculoskeletal system and the formation of posture (walking on toes, with different positions of the arms, walking with high knees, on the heels, in a cross step); running one after another and scattered or in combination with jumping. The duration of the introductory part lasts on average from 1 to 2 minutes.
In the second, main part They set the task of strengthening the main muscle groups and forming correct posture. To solve this problem, perform general developmental exercises in a certain sequence. First, exercises to strengthen the shoulder girdle and arms, which promote expansion of the chest, good straightening of the spine, and development of the respiratory muscles. Then exercises for the trunk muscles. This is followed by exercises to develop the leg muscles and strengthen the arch of the foot. After heavy-load exercises, you should repeat the first exercise or a similar one. The number of repetitions of each exercise depends on the age of the children and their physical fitness (4-8 times).
Correct adherence to the starting positions is a prerequisite when performing any gymnastic exercises. The explanation and demonstration of exercises by the teacher should be clear and concise. A long-term static posture is especially undesirable, which negatively affects posture in general and mainly the formation of the arch of the foot. After completing all general developmental exercises, young children perform jumping or running, which turns into a final walk. Older children perform jumping combined with running, then a final walk with various tasks.
IN final part Gymnastics includes walking, a game task or a sedentary game to restore pulse and breathing.
Game tasks, outdoor games of low and medium activity serve as an addition to the physical activity of the health complex, add variety and bring joy and pleasure to children.
Changes and additions can be made to the complexes. The main thing is that children are healthy, cheerful, cheerful and have fun.
The same complex is repeated for two weeks.
Health-improving gymnastics for children 3-4 years old
Children perform walking and running exercises quite confidently, sometimes with good coordination of arm and leg movements. However, when walking, most children have their arms pressed to their body and their gait is mostly shuffling. In running, the coordination of arm and leg movements is somewhat better than in walking. Babies run on their entire foot, the work of their hands is not clearly expressed.
The exercises are aimed at mastering walking and running - in a column one at a time, in a circle, stopping at the teacher’s signal, performing various tasks, changing the direction of movements. These motor tasks in walking and running develop spatial orientation, the ability to respond to a teacher’s signal, and teach them to act together with other children.
At the beginning of training, it is advisable to arrange children in a circle, in ranks, near objects that will serve as a guide for them in the correct formation.
The teacher then makes sure that all children are in the correct position. initial position: It is this that determines the physical load on various muscle groups. The starting positions are varied - standing, sitting, kneeling, lying on your back and stomach (subject to indoor training). The sequence of transition from one IP is also important. to another. So, to move from i.p. When in a kneeling position, children should calmly squat down and then lower themselves smoothly (without hitting their knees on the floor). In a standing position, as a rule, two positions of the legs are used: at the width of the feet and at the width of the shoulders.
In children 3-4 years old, large muscles in their development predominate over small ones, but at the same time, exercises in raising their arms up, to the sides, bending, and squats are quite accessible to them, which develops the skill of controlling their body.
The teacher must perform the exercises together with the children, showing, explaining them and thereby setting the right pace. The teacher can do bends and squats together with the children 2-3 times, and then the children perform them independently, following his instructions.
The rhythm of jumping is usually set by musical accompaniment or beating a tambourine (clapping your hands or clearly pronouncing words, “one-two”). The teacher performs several jumps, and during the pause he makes other comments. The child cannot yet consciously regulate breathing, so you should pay attention to the moments of exhalation, not inhalation. It is important to teach children to breathe through their nose naturally and without delay.
Physical activity when performing exercises (walking, running, playing tasks) can be regulated by observing the external signs of children’s fatigue. This may include: shortness of breath, facial pallor or redness, and lack of coordination. You should pay attention to any child complaints in order to avoid undesirable consequences.
The motor skills and abilities that children develop in the process of mastering walking, running, and outdoor gear are still fragile and require repeated repetitions. Children's attention is still unstable, it is easily disrupted when the environment changes. You need to skillfully switch their attention to the task with minimal loss of time and try to take advantage of the situation.
After gymnastic exercises, the teacher offers the children a simple game task, a game of low mobility or walking at a calm pace.
Health-improving gymnastics for children 4-5 years old
In walking and running, along with exercises to develop the ability to navigate in space and move in a certain direction, new tasks appear - finding your place in a column, lining up in pairs, maintaining the shape of a circle while moving, walking on your toes.
Outdoor switchgear becomes more complex and their load (number of repetitions) increases. However, the most important requirement remains - maintaining posture, strengthening large muscle groups, and consistent transition from one I.P. to another.
A certain rhythm of walking is established, step length increases, overall coordination and coordinated movements of the arms and legs improve.
But there are shortcomings in walking: parallel positioning of the legs, shuffling of the feet, movements of the arms and legs are not always energetic, the stoves are lowered, the pace is uneven.
Mastering exercises in running occurs faster than in walking, since a fast pace of movement is easier to master.
Rhythm appears in running, the ability to alternate it with other types of movements, speed increases, and spatial orientation improves. Children quite quickly change the direction of movement at the teacher’s signal: they run around obstacles and adhere to a given pace. However, repeated repetitions are necessary in running, as in walking. The arms are still inactive, the step remains short and uneven, and the flight is short.
The structure of the complex is developed in accordance with generally accepted requirements: at the beginning, walking and running are carried out in a normal or play version, then outdoor gear without objects or with small equipment (balls, jump ropes, sticks, cubes, etc.), and finally to reduce physical activity – walking exercises or low mobility games.
Health-improving gymnastics for children 5-6 years old
In children of senior preschool age, the range of motor skills and abilities increases, which is associated with the development of physical qualities (endurance, speed). There is an opportunity for more successful mastery of both the exercise as a whole and individual elements.
At this age, children acquire the ability to maintain the direction and uniformity of walking, and the flight of running appears. When performing outdoor switchgear, more complex tasks are set: clearly take different starting positions, perform exercises with different ranges of movements, and observe a certain direction of movements.
As instructed by the teacher, children independently take flags and small equipment (cubes, jump ropes, sticks, balls), and at the end of the exercises they put them back in place.
Health-improving gymnastics for children 6-7 years old
Older preschoolers have significant motor experience, but the tasks of physical development (improving walking, running, gymnastics exercises) remain the same.
When walking, they continue to master a uniform step with free natural movements of the arms and legs. When running, they know how to follow the suggested pace; the movements are quite rhythmic and easy.
In gymnastic exercises, children know how to take starting and intermediate positions, and try to maintain a given range of movements. The complication of motor tasks for children of this age occurs not only due to an increase in the volume of exercises (number of exercises), but also due to increased requirements for the quality (technique) of the movements performed.
Repeated and varied repetition of walking, running, and gymnastic exercises has a beneficial effect on various muscle groups, the formation of correct posture and, in general, improving the health of children.