Pregnancy is the natural state of every woman and brings a lot of joy when it is desired. If pregnancy occurs “at the wrong time,” this is a real disaster for a woman, she experiences strong emotional distress. She has a choice before her: to give life to a new person or to deprive him of such an opportunity. As a woman, I tell you that this is very difficult. It is much easier to prevent an unwanted pregnancy.
Everyone knows about hormonal birth control pills and it is a good method, but it is not suitable for everyone. The fact is that a woman sometimes has diseases for which their use is contraindicated. Or she can breastfeed the baby, and during this period it is not advisable to take any medications at all. Then non-hormonal contraceptives come to the rescue. Unfortunately, women know little about them and in such situations they often rely on “maybe” until this “maybe” misfires and there is a banal “failure”. This article will tell you about popular non-hormonal contraceptives.
How do non-hormonal contraceptives work for women?
They create a local barrier between the egg and sperm, as a result of which fertilization does not occur.
What modern non-hormonal contraceptives exist?
They are divided into two groups:
The first is mechanical, which includes the intrauterine device (IUD). It prevents sperm from penetrating into the uterus and reduces the motility of the egg.
The second is medications that are introduced into the vagina; they destroy sperm or impair their motility.
How effective are non-hormonal contraceptives? They are effective, we will tell you now.
Mechanical means
A woman who comes to see a gynecologist to choose a method of contraception is often recommended an IUD. It is used most often as a non-hormonal contraceptive and is very effective. The percentage of protection against unwanted pregnancy is 99%. The IUD has been used as a contraceptive for a long time, and it pays off well.
IUDs come in different shapes and types: rings, spirals, T-shaped... Plastic is used to make them. There are spirals that, in addition to plastic, also contain copper, gold or some other substances that provide a healing effect.
An IUD is inserted into a woman’s uterine cavity usually 2-3 days after the start of menstruation, and for women after childbirth - at any time.
The IUD provides protection against unwanted pregnancy due to the fact that the spiral thickens the mucus in the lumen of the cervix and changes the structure of the uterine mucosa. All this leads to the fact that the rate at which the egg enters the uterine cavity decreases, and sperm cannot pass through the uterus to fertilize the egg. In addition, the spiral, being inside the uterus, prevents the egg from attaching to its wall if fertilization does occur.
The IUD has a number of advantages over hormonal drugs:
The risk of developing allergic reactions is very small.
You don’t need to take a pill every day, but sometimes you can forget to do it, which increases the risk of getting stuck.
When inserted correctly, the IUD does not cause any inconvenience to the woman and does not interfere with sexual intercourse.
Economically profitable.
Using the IUD is absolutely safe for the baby if the mother is breastfeeding.
The spiral is inserted into the uterine cavity for several years.
There is still a drawback to using an IUD; not everyone can use it as a contraceptive. There are diseases for which its use is contraindicated. I will list in what situations the IUD cannot be used 100%:
Acute inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Suspicion of a tumor of the uterus or cervix.
Tendency to bleed.
There is evidence of ectopic pregnancy in the past.
Possible pregnancy.
Allergic reaction to copper.
For all other conditions, only a doctor can decide whether to use an IUD or not.
Medications
This is a new method of contraception, but it has already proven itself well. These non-hormonal contraceptives include barrier medications; they are inserted into a woman’s vagina before each sexual intercourse. The preparations contain chemicals called spermicides, which stand “on guard”, and as soon as sperm enter the vagina, they are very quickly destroyed by the action of spermicides. In addition, sperm motility decreases. At the same time, a thin protective film forms on the surface of the vaginal mucosa and the mucus in the cervical canal thickens. Thus, another obstacle is created and sperm cannot enter the uterus. Barrier non-hormonal contraceptives are available in the form of suppositories, pastes and pellets.
This method of contraception is used if birth control pills and IUDs are not suitable or there are some other reasons (irregular sex life, casual sex).
Medicinal non-hormonal contraceptives contain two chemicals: nonoxynol and benzalkonium. They are the ones who destroy sperm.
Brief description of some barrier non-hormonal contraceptives
“Contraceptin” is the simplest of all these drugs; it is enough to insert one suppository into the vagina before sexual intercourse in the vagina.
Here are some other names of non-hormonal contraceptives - Nonoxylol, Patentex, Oval - suppositories. They destroy sperm well. In addition, the drugs act against viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Thanks to this, a woman has protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
A good non-hormonal contraceptive tablet is Mifepristone. It interferes with egg implantation. The drug is prescribed one tablet per day for 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 days of the menstrual cycle or a single dose of one 600 mg tablet to be taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex. It has no side effects, but it changes the hormonal background of the female body.
Gramicidin paste contains the substance gramicidin. It has contraceptive and antibacterial properties. Thanks to it, a woman is reliably protected from unwanted pregnancy and infection. In addition, gramicidin is a good treatment for colpitis and inflammatory diseases of the cervix.
And finally, Pharmatex.” Much loved by many women and the most commonly used non-hormonal contraceptive. In terms of its effectiveness in preventing unwanted pregnancy, it can be placed on a par with the IUD and tablets. The possibility of getting pregnant is very small, no more than 1%. Moreover, it protects a woman well from STDs. Suppresses the proliferation of candida, herpes, gonococci, chlamydia. This is the most optimal method of contraception for casual sex.
There are several dosage forms of Pharmatex in pharmacies:
The cream is injected into the vagina as deeply as possible, right before sexual intercourse.
Vaginal balls, a woman should insert them into the vagina 3 minutes before sexual intercourse.
Tampons are placed in the vagina immediately before sexual intercourse; their protective effect lasts for at least 24 hours and does not require the introduction of an additional dose of the drug.
The barrier method of contraception is ideal for women and everyone can afford it. It is especially recommended for those who do not have regular sex life. The only 100% contraindication for its use is an allergic reaction to the components of the drug.
The biggest advantage of using non-hormonal contraceptives is their absolute harmlessness to the baby if a woman is breastfeeding. But in order to choose which non-hormonal contraceptives you can take, you must consult a gynecologist.
Contraception is something that women attach great importance to. Of course, today there are many different hormonal drugs on the market that are positioned from the best side, but many representatives of the fairer sex try to pay attention to non-hormonal contraception.
A large number of advantages with minimal side effects is the main thing that captivates the weak of this world when choosing such remedies.
Contrary to opinion (and indeed the name), non-hormonal contraceptives are not pills, as they are commonly called. Moreover, the drugs are not taken orally, but are inserted into the vagina. Vaginal contraceptives are spermicides that come in the form of tampons, creams, gels, suppositories, and even aerosols.
Do not forget that non-hormonal contraceptives are not pills. They are produced in the form of tampons, creams, gels, suppositories and even aerosols.
The mechanism of operation of these agents lies in the active substance, which is nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride.
IN important! Modern foreign non-hormonal contraceptives, which did not have time to enter the domestic market, also contain other active components.
The presented components, destroying the sperm membrane, do not allow them to advance further, contributing to their death at the initial stage.
Another feature is that non-hormonal contraceptives help thicken the mucus in the cervical canal, which prevents “tadpoles” from penetrating inside. However, even if this happens (although it is rare), it is difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg, since their motility is noticeably lost, and the chances of conception are close to zero.
Vaginal contraceptives perform not only their main task, protecting against unwanted pregnancy, but also indirectly - protecting against some sexually transmitted diseases. This is possible due to the formation of an invisible thin film on the vaginal mucosa.
To increase effectiveness, non-hormonal contraceptives for women are used together with other means.
Among these are:
- condoms;
- cervical caps;
- vaginal diaphragms.
This allows you to definitely achieve the desired result - to protect yourself from an unplanned pregnancy.
The effectiveness of non-hormonal contraception
The Pearl Index allows you to determine whether certain non-hormonal contraceptive pills are effective or useless. It shows how many of the fair sex out of a hundred managed to conceive a child using protection in a certain way. A high index is directly proportional to the level of protection.
Don't forget about additional contraception
Thus, with PPA (coitus interruptus), there were 80-85 pregnancies for every 100 women. As for non-hormonal contraceptives, they were ineffective in 17 cases out of 100.
Therefore, it is advisable to use vaginal contraceptives in conjunction with other methods of contraception.
Who can use non-hormonal pills
Before you start using vaginal birth control pills, it is recommended to consult your gynecologist. And although some women make their own decisions regarding what is best for them and what suits them, it is better not to start “experiments” without going to the doctor.
Important! It should be understood that even new generation non-hormonal contraceptives can have a negative impact on the female body, causing a number of side effects.
Often, the doctor prescribes the use of spermicidal contraceptives for women of the following categories:
- Rarely sexually active.
- Girls with gynecological diseases.
- Nursing mothers.
- Ladies with endocrine disorders.
- Allergy sufferers (when there is intolerance to latex or hormonal drugs).
- Ladies on the verge of menopause.
- Girls who do not want to take hormones and use.
Advantages and disadvantages of protection
At first glance, it seems that all vaginal contraceptives are the same. In fact, using some contraceptives, a woman can feel great, but using other means, she begins to complain of vaginal dryness or itching. This is all individual and something like this should be understood. That is why you often have to try several drugs in order to settle on one specific one.
Non-hormonal contraception has a number of advantages and disadvantages
However, despite this nuance, non-hormonal drugs have a number of advantages. Namely:
- Can be used regardless of age.
- Almost complete absence of contraindications.
- No negative impact on the reproductive system and the entire body (which cannot be said about emergency contraception used after unprotected sexual intercourse).
- Good additional lubrication (no need to use lubricants, especially for women who complain of dryness).
- There is no need to take the drug at the same time every day, like hormonal contraceptives.
- Reducing the risk of infection.
- Reducing the risk of cervical diseases (which cannot be said when using vaginal IUDs and tablets).
- Possibility of use after sexual intercourse, in case of damage to the integrity of the condom during lovemaking.
Considering the large number of positive aspects, the presented contraceptives have a number of disadvantages.
- Taking a bath or using a shower for a certain period of time after sexual intercourse is prohibited.
- Careful planning of sexual intercourse (spermicides must often be used 10-15 minutes before insertion of the penis into the vagina).
- Inability to perform oral sex.
- Skin irritation and itching (rare).
- It is not advisable to use it with enviable regularity (this can lead to disruption of the vaginal microbiocenosis and excessive dryness).
Vaginal contraception has virtually no contraindications. Allergic reactions to the components included in the product are very rare.
Emergency help
Non-hormonal contraceptive pills can be “emergency”, which are used by a woman after unprotected sexual intercourse. Thanks to the active substance mifepristone, the possibility of conception is reduced to nothing.
Emergency contraceptive pills before sexual intercourse have the following names:
- Genale;
- Gynepristone;
- Agesta.
Emergency contraceptive pills (table)
Important! If you want to get the maximum effect from using the product, you should additionally use barrier contraceptives, rather than administering disposable birth control pills several times at a time. This will increase the risk of side effects and negative consequences significantly.
New generation contraceptives
Today there are several effective remedies that are in great demand. These drugs include drugs based on benzalkonium chloride and potassium hydrogen tartrate.
The first are represented by such tablets as:
- Nonoxynol;
- Benatex;
- Contratex;
- Traceptin.
Nonoxynol and Pantex Oval
The first remedy is available in the form of suppositories, the second - in the form of suppositories, which must be inserted into the vagina 10 minutes before intercourse. In addition to the contraceptive effect, Pantext Oval helps prevent the development of certain sexually transmitted infections. The product is very successful because it is highly effective.
Pantext Oval
The Pantex Oval package contains 10 pieces. The price of the product is 220-250 rubles
Nonoxynol contraceptive suppositories
The package of Nonoxynol contains 6 or 12 pieces. The price is 200 and 300 rubles respectively.
These single-use contraceptive pills are available in the form of cream, vaginal tampons, tablets and suppositories.
The product allows you to protect against unwanted pregnancy, and also suppresses the activity of gonococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, type 2 herpes virus, and Trichomonas vaginalis.
The drug works for about three hours.
The package of candles contains 10 pieces. The price is 300-380 rubles.
There are 13 tablets in a package. Price – 250 rubles.
The package contains 1 tube of cream. Price – 350 rubles.
There are 2 tampons in a package. Price – about 350 rubles.
Benatex
Benatex is a vaginal tablet. Like Pharmatex, it inhibits the activity of many microorganisms. To achieve maximum effect, the product must be inserted into the vagina as far as possible.
Benatex
The drug works for three hours.
The package contains 10 pieces. Price – 250-300 rubles.
Contratex
The drug is produced in the form of vaginal suppositories. Contratext protects both from pregnancy and from infections transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. Among them are streptococci, trichomonas, fungi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, gococcus and Protea. Suppositories work for four hours.
Contratex - non-hormonal contraceptive suppositories
The package contains 10 pieces. The price is about 320 rubles.
Erotekst are those that protect against conception and have an antimicrobial effect. The drug is active for three hours after administration.
There are 5 pieces in a package. The price of the product is 110 rubles.
Produced in the form of ring-shaped tablets, which must be inserted inside, moving along the anterior wall of the vagina. In addition to the main task, the product is capable of performing another one and protecting a woman from the development of microorganisms such as E. coli, herpes virus, staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus.
Ginekotex - vaginal contraceptive tablets
There are 12 pieces in a package. The price is about 100 rubles.
Non-hormonal contraceptives are a good type of contraception that can be used by almost any woman.
Women may prefer non-hormonal birth control for a variety of reasons. For some, the use of hormonal contraceptives is contraindicated for health reasons. Someone has an irregular sex life and does not see the point in hormonal drugs.
At first glance, the idea is tempting - not to risk your hormonal levels and not get pregnant. But is everything so smooth, or are there pitfalls for non-hormonal contraception? We’ll find out today.
If we divide all means of contraception into hormonal and non-hormonal, and discard the calendar method and the method of interrupted coitus, which are unreliable and relate to contraceptive methods only conditionally, we will get the following types of non-hormonal contraceptives.
Spermicides or chemicals.
The method dates back to ancient times, when women soaked pieces of fabric or wool with lemon juice or vinegar. This created an acidic environment in the vagina, making sperm inactive and sluggish, and also destroyed their membrane.
Since then, science has come a long way, and now there are new generation spermicides that work on the same principle, but are much more effective and safe for a woman’s mucous membrane.
Modern spermicides come in different forms: tablets, suppositories, ointments, creams, foam, gel, etc. They contain an active ingredient: benzalkonium chloride (commercial names Pharmatex, Contratex, Benatex) or nonoxynol-9 (Sterilin, Nonoxynol, Patentex Oval).
These products are administered into the vagina 12-15 minutes before planned sexual intercourse. Once ingested, the drugs help thicken the mucus near the cervix, preventing sperm from passing through it, and also damage the outer membrane of sperm, making them sluggish and inactive, and even destroying them. It sounds creepy, I agree, but what can you do?
There is a myth that spermicides protect against sexually transmitted infections. This is wrong. The only thing that protects against STDs is a condom. Moreover, it has been scientifically proven that drugs based on nonoxynol-9, on the contrary, increase the risk of contracting an infection, since they can damage the cells of the vaginal mucosa.
The effectiveness of spermicides against unwanted pregnancy is low - only 74%, and only when used correctly.
Contraindications to the use of chemical means of protection are reduced to individual intolerance to the components, undesirable local reactions - itching and burning. It is not recommended to use them for colpitis, vaginitis, and cervical erosion.
It is difficult to advise which chemical agents are best to choose - you should try them well in advance of sexual intercourse, since one product may suit you, while another may cause a burning sensation and excessive foaming.
The advantages of spermicides are that they do not need to be taken regularly, which is convenient if sexual activity occurs occasionally. In addition, the chemical effect occurs locally and not throughout the body. 
However, all the advantages are offset by one huge and bold disadvantage: a low degree of protection against unwanted pregnancy. Whatever one may say, abortion is certainly the most harmful thing imaginable for the female body, both physically and spiritually.
Based on this, I do not recommend spermicides as the main and only method of protection, but only in combination with a diaphragm and caps. However, this is no longer so convenient and requires additional skills for their correct insertion and installation.
In combination with a condom, the role of spermicides is not entirely clear, since the condom itself (when used correctly) provides 98% protection, including against HIV and STDs. Why then further irritate your mucous membranes with chemicals is not entirely clear.
Non-hormonal intrauterine device.
Women have mastered this method quite a long time ago. It is known that even in Ancient Egypt, in order to protect against unwanted pregnancy, fruit seeds, gold rings and even the bones of small animals were introduced into the uterine cavity.
Modern new non-hormonal IUDs are simply made of plastic, or also coated with a special substance, usually gold or copper.
The intrauterine device is installed by a gynecologist into the woman’s uterine cavity. The mechanism of contraceptive action is based on the fact that the IUD creates an environment unfavorable for conception. The sperm loses its activity when ingested, and fertilization is also impossible due to changes in the endometrium. 
The method has a fairly high efficiency (98-99%), and is also convenient in that the spiral is installed once every 3, 5 or even 10 years, depending on its type. However, this pleasure is not cheap - the price of a spiral starts from 7,000 rubles.
Disadvantages of the method:
- risk of irregular, heavy, painful bleeding;
- the risk of developing or exacerbating infectious processes in the pelvic organs, since the spiral is a foreign object in the sterile uterine cavity;
- risk of displacement of the device and puncture of the uterine cavity;
- the risk of difficulties in achieving the desired pregnancy after removal of the IUD, since stretching and deformation of the woman’s internal genital organs is possible.
Thus, the use of an intrauterine device, although a reliable method of contraception, is quite controversial due to possible serious risks to women’s health. It can be recommended, taking into account contraindications, for women after 30 and after 40, as well as those who have already given birth.
Non-hormonal barrier methods.
We include the good old condoms, diaphragms and caps, that is, everything that mechanically prevents sperm from entering the uterine cavity.
- Male condom.
When used correctly, a condom is the most reliable method of contraception (97% effective). It does not have any harmful effects on the body of women and men, is convenient for irregular sexual activity, and also protects against sexually transmitted infections and HIV.
The price for these products may vary and range from 20 rubles. per piece up to 100-200 rubles. for a good quality condo.
The main disadvantage of this method is the relative loss of sensitivity during sexual intercourse, as well as incomplete sensations, according to most men.
Contraindications for its use are a fairly rare allergy to latex (the material from which they are made). 
- Female condom.
For many, this will be a revelation, but there are also female condoms. This is a special product made of a thin synthetic film, which is inserted into the vagina in advance and fits tightly to its walls.
The disadvantages of the method, according to reviews of those who have used it, include the need for training and practice for correct insertion, high cost compared to male products, as well as noise and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
- Diaphragm.
This is a special plastic product with a ring around the edge. A woman installs it before sexual intercourse inside the vagina directly on the cervix, which prevents sperm from entering the cervical canal, and, as a result, pregnancy.
Gynecologists recommend using this product in conjunction with spermicides to increase the effectiveness of the contraceptive effect, as well as reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy due to improper installation of the diaphragm.
As you already understand, the method, although convenient in theory in that it does not require systemic use and does not have a harmful overall effect on the woman’s body, but requires simply fantastic dexterity and knowledge of her own reproductive system from the inside, which not every woman can boast of. 
In addition, there are statistics according to which the use of diaphragms contributes to the occurrence and exacerbation of urinary system infections, since the hard ring puts pressure on the urethra.
The birth of a new person has always been shrouded in mystery, and the anticipation of the arrival of a baby into this world has always been a happy and joyful period in the life of future parents, as well as sisters and brothers, grandparents.
But here, it seems, a serious caveat is needed - this period becomes happy only when the child is truly desired. And if a lot is said about the happy anticipation of the arrival of a new person into the world, then abandoned and abandoned newborns and a huge number of artificial terminations of pregnancy, that is, abortions, speak more about unwanted children and unplanned pregnancies.
Abortion has never been considered the right way out; all religions condemn it; doctors object to abortion, with the exception of abortion for medical (life-saving) reasons...
However, they try to terminate an unwanted pregnancy in any available way, even if this method is very questionable and even dangerous. So isn’t it better to prevent an unwanted pregnancy, so that a new life, if it is so unwanted, cannot be born?
What is contraception?
The term "contraception" comes from the New Latin word contraceptio, which is literally translated as exception, that is, contraception in the generally accepted sense of the word today is ways to exclude pregnancy, that is, ways to prevent it.
Gynecologists joke that the only 100% reliable method of contraception is the decisive word “no.” However, everyone understands perfectly well that this method of contraception, despite its reliability, is practically unrealistic and often unacceptable.
Today, contraceptive methods have become quite reliable, and their choice has become very impressive, since natural methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy known for a long time have been supplemented by new ones, including the incredibly popular method of hormonal contraception.
And if the first hormonal contraceptives were imperfect and caused many side effects, they became much safer and very effective. Modern hormonal contraceptives can be used (of course, after consultation with a gynecologist) even by very young girls.
But no matter how effective and safe hormonal contraception is, for various reasons it is not always used and not by everyone. This is why many women and many couples have to resort to other methods of preventing pregnancy, that is, non-hormonal contraception.
Since there are actually quite a few methods of non-hormonal contraception, any couple can choose the most suitable one for themselves.
When it comes to non-hormonal contraception, the first thing that comes to mind is the so-called one. Of course, many of these methods are widely known and widely used, but their effectiveness depends on many factors, including well-being.
Also very famous barrier methods of contraception , and the condom as a method of contraception is not only known, but actually very popular.
In the twentieth century, they began to gain increasing popularity chemical methods of contraception .
And finally, non-hormonal methods of contraception include surgical method of contraception , that is, sterilization.
Of course, any of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, which you should know in order to use any of the contraceptive methods as effectively as possible.
Attention! Only the use of a condom as a method of non-hormonal contraception can provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases and reduce the likelihood of contracting AIDS/HIV.
Natural contraception methods
What is natural contraception and how do natural contraception methods work? One of the well-known methods of natural contraception is calendar method .
It is no secret that a woman can become pregnant only on certain days of the menstrual cycle, when a mature egg is released from the ovary. If we take into account that sperm retain their fertilizing ability for several tens of hours, then the egg can be fertilized by those sperm that entered the female genital tract several hours before the release of the mature egg. In addition, it should be taken into account that ovulation lasts up to 48 hours, and at the same time the possibility of becoming pregnant remains.
It is believed that ovulation occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, that is, in a standard menstrual cycle that lasts 28 days, ovulation occurs around the 14th day. That is, pregnancy is possible from approximately the 11th day of the menstrual cycle to the 16th day.
The advantages and benefits of this method of contraception are completely clear: no additional material costs are needed, no additional actions are required other than carefully counting “dangerous” days; There are no medical contraindications either. But there are disadvantages to this method of contraception, and they are quite significant.
First of all, the calendar method of contraception is suitable only for those women whose menstrual cycle is completely established and never has any disruptions, since any disruption of the menstrual cycle automatically implies a violation of the schedule of “dangerous” days and, accordingly, the possibility of an unplanned pregnancy.
You should also keep in mind that disruptions in the menstrual cycle can be caused by a variety of reasons, including stress, overwork, any health problems, including a common cold. If the monthly cycle does not have a very clear schedule and it is quite difficult to determine the onset of ovulation, then the calendar method of contraception is unlikely to be quite effective.
Another method of natural contraception is , that is, the lowest body temperature observed during sleep. Basal temperature should be measured immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed (before any, even minimal physical activity).
It is known that during ovulation, basal temperature, which is measured in the rectum, increases slightly (up to 0.5 °C).
To obtain the most reliable data regarding ovulation, it is very important to measure basal temperature at the same time, so self-discipline and a very clear daily routine are very important to use this method.
The results of measuring basal temperature can be influenced by a variety of factors: fatigue, stress, changes in the emotional background, sleep disturbances, the influence of alcohol, disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, recent sexual intercourse, any disease of the body, especially if it is accompanied by even a slight increase body temperature.
An interesting method of natural contraception is considered monitoring changes in cervical mucus (the same method is called the Billings method). The essence of the method is that the consistency and concentration of cervical (cervical) mucus is different on different days of the menstrual cycle.
As a result of many years of observations, it became known that during the period of ovulation, when the likelihood of becoming pregnant is especially high, cervical mucus becomes very moist and viscous. And on those days when conception is unlikely, the cervical mucus becomes very thick, forms a plug in the cervical canal, and there is practically no discharge from the cervical canal, so the vaginal walls seem almost dry.
As ovulation approaches, cervical (cervical) discharge becomes more moist and viscous, and also more and more transparent. Accordingly, as soon as ovulation ends, cervical mucus becomes more viscous and cloudy, and then disappears altogether until the next ovulation.
Of course, this method also costs absolutely nothing. However, it does not hurt to remember its shortcomings.
First of all, this method is completely unsuitable for women with any endocrine disorders. In addition, any hormonal surge caused by any reason can affect the condition of cervical mucus.
It should also be understood that if a woman is diagnosed with any gynecological disease, especially affecting the vagina or cervix, then cervical discharge cannot be a reliable indicator of ovulation.
That is, only completely healthy women who lead a healthy lifestyle and always adhere to the same daily routine can use this method.
Of course, the reliability of this method increases if it is combined with any other method of non-hormonal contraception.
Very famous lactational postpartum amenorrhea method , that is, the absence of menstruation due to immaturity of the egg in the first six months after the birth of the child, if the mother exclusively breastfeeds the baby.
If you strictly follow all the rules of breastfeeding, then within six months after the baby is born, the reliability of the lactational amenorrhea method can reach 98%.
However, this method can only be truly effective if the baby is exclusively breastfed (without any supplementary feeding) and if the baby is put to the breast every three hours during the day and at least once at night (it is very important that the intervals between Feeding the baby did not exceed six hours).
The effectiveness of this method of natural contraception is highly dependent on the frequency of breastfeeding. It should also be remembered that the appearance of the first menstruation after childbirth makes the lactational amenorrhea method ineffective, and also that already six months after childbirth, unwanted pregnancy should be prevented by other methods.
Natural methods of contraception are sometimes called interrupted coitus when a man removes the penis from the vagina before ejaculation begins.
It should be noted that the vast majority of doctors of various specialties consider this method absolutely unacceptable.
Firstly, the contraceptive effect of interrupted intercourse is very low and ranges from 70% to 85%, since it is very difficult to control the onset of ejaculation, and if we also take into account the presence of pre-seminal fluid, which also contains a small amount of completely viable sperm, then in general almost impossible.
Secondly, interrupted sexual intercourse serves as a powerful stress for both the man, who must constantly control the onset of ejaculation, and for the woman, who understands that it is not always possible to interrupt sexual intercourse. If a man constantly uses the method of interrupted sexual intercourse, then there is a high probability of psycho-emotional disorders, which may well lead to diseases of other organs and systems of the body, including cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the nervous system.
Barrier methods of contraception
As the name implies, barrier contraceptive methods create a barrier for sperm and prevent them from fertilizing the egg. There are both male methods of barrier contraception and female methods.
Of course, the most famous method of barrier contraception can be confidently called condom .
Condoms have been known for a very long time, but they became truly effective only after they began to be made from latex.
The condom as a method of contraception has many advantages. First of all, the use of a condom does not depend at all on the state of health of the entire body. Secondly, the side effects of condoms are extremely few and occur quite infrequently, however, as well as contraindications for their use. It is very important that the use of a condom does not require the participation of medical personnel, including the consultation of highly qualified specialists.
Attention! Only barrier methods of contraception, including the male condom, can protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
However, barrier methods of contraception also have some disadvantages. The disadvantages of barrier methods of contraception include, firstly, a possible allergy to latex (not common); need for use immediately before sexual intercourse; one-time use, that is, a new condom is needed for each subsequent sexual intercourse; The effectiveness of these contraceptives depends on their correct use.
Barrier methods of contraception also include female diaphragms and cervical caps.
What is it female diaphragm ? This is a rubber cap that is dome shaped. This rubber dome-shaped cap should be inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse, and it is very important that the diaphragm is inserted correctly.
The diaphragm has a flexible rim along the edge, and when placing the diaphragm in the vagina, it is necessary to ensure that the rear rim, after putting on the diaphragm, is in the posterior fornix of the vagina, and the anterior rim should touch the pubic bone. The dome of the diaphragm should completely cover the cervix.
It is very important to obtain comprehensive medical advice and detailed medical instructions before using a diaphragm. In addition, you should have a good knowledge of the anatomical features of the pelvis and female genital organs in order to have a good idea of how the diaphragm should be positioned in relation to the uterus and cervix.
Among the advantages of the vaginal diaphragm are the relative ease of use (if you have the necessary skills); the ability to use this type of contraceptive repeatedly; and also that the female vaginal diaphragm can protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
However, the use of a female vaginal diaphragm has some contraindications, and possible side effects have also been noted.
Contraindications for the use of a female vaginal diaphragm are diseases of the female genital organs, such as cervical erosion, colpitis of any etiology, and endocervicitis. In addition, a vaginal diaphragm should not be used if you are aware of possible allergic reactions to rubber and/or spermicides; if there are some anomalies in the development of the female genital organs; as well as prolapse of the uterus and/or vaginal walls.
As for the side effects when using this type of non-hormonal contraception, firstly, due to the fact that the diaphragm puts some pressure on the urethra, urinary tract infections are possible; secondly, in those places where the diaphragm touches the walls of the vagina, inflammatory processes can arise and develop.
In terms of effectiveness, this method of non-hormonal contraception is considered quite effective (if used correctly, that is, with the correct installation of the diaphragm).
The next type of barrier contraception is the so-called women's cervical caps .
To correctly determine the size of the cervical cap, as well as its type, you need to visit a gynecologist who can determine which cervical cap is needed. The size of the cervical cap depends on the size of the cervix.
To learn how to use a cervical cap correctly, you also need to consult a doctor. To insert a cervical cap into the vagina, the edges of the cap must be squeezed to position the vaginal cap correctly over the cervix (it must be tilted into the vagina).
In addition, the vaginal cap should be lubricated with a spermicidal preparation before insertion into the vagina. You should also learn to determine the correct installation of this contraceptive, and these skills should also be acquired under the supervision of a gynecologist.
Of course, it is very important to follow all instructions and rules for using the cervical cap and leave the cap in the vagina for no more than four hours.
Chemical methods of contraception
Chemical methods of contraception are traditionally considered hormonal drugs. However, these same chemical methods also include spermicides , which are sometimes classified as barrier methods of contraception.
What is spermicide? A spermicide is a chemical that quickly destroys sperm. Moreover, the time during which the spermicide should destroy sperm should not exceed one minute (60 seconds).
The fact is that sperm are able to immediately after ejaculation (ejaculation) enter the cervical canal of the uterus and reach the fallopian tubes in just one and a half minutes, which means that within one and a half minutes after ejaculation, the fusion of the sperm with the egg becomes quite possible, that is, possible onset of pregnancy.
Spermicides are available in different forms, which makes their use possible and convenient in each individual case.
The following forms of using spermicidal preparations are known: sponges impregnated with spermicide; vaginal suppositories (suppositories) that melt at body temperature; spermicidal vaginal foaming tablets; special spermicidal creams, foams and jellies; soluble spermicidal films.
Gynecologists do not consider spermicides an ideal way to protect against unwanted pregnancy, but the use of spermicidal preparations simultaneously with the use of other contraceptives increases the effectiveness of both methods.
Spermicidal contraceptives have many positive aspects and undoubted advantages. First of all, spermicides are very easy to use. In addition, spermicides reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and some other infections.
It is very important that spermicides are not able to disrupt the hormonal background of the body and cause hormonal changes and surges, therefore spermicidal agents can be used without fear during pregnancy and lactation, that is, during the period of breastfeeding the baby, and these products are also suitable for women after 35 years old, when some hormonal changes in the body are already possible.
Another undoubted advantage of spermicidal preparations is their moisturizing properties, which are very important for vaginal dryness and when the body does not produce enough natural vaginal lubrication.
However, spermicidal contraceptives, like any contraceptives, have some disadvantages and application features.
The most important thing is that any spermicides are not recommended for use as a stand-alone contraceptive, since the reliability of spermicides used separately is low. However, the use of spermicides simultaneously with other methods of contraception significantly increases the reliability of any method.
When using spermicides, remember that different forms require different applications. For example, some forms of spermicides can be used immediately before sexual intercourse without affecting their effectiveness, but some forms must be applied some time before sexual intercourse (usually about 15 minutes).
For any spermicides, it is true that it is inadmissible to take water procedures using soap and any other detergents. Moreover, soap should not be used both before and after sexual intercourse. It is very important that this rule applies to both partners.
Of course, when using spermicides, some people may experience unwanted reactions and side effects - most often these are irritations of the skin and mucous membranes or allergic reactions.
It is also very important not to forget that even if a very short time has passed between sexual acts, a new portion of spermicide is still needed (the only exception may be the use of vaginal tampons).
When using any type of spermicide, you should read the instructions very carefully, since the use of each form of spermicide may differ significantly from the use of another form of the same product.
Surgical method of contraception
A surgical method of contraception, often called sterilization, is a permanent method that is used for both men and women. Of course, male and female sterilization are carried out differently, but as a result of such an operation a person loses his reproductive capabilities.
The essence of female sterilization is to ensure obstruction of the fallopian tubes, after which it becomes impossible for the egg to be fertilized by sperm and pregnancy to occur.
The essence of male sterilization is that during the sterilization operation the vas deferens are ligated and crossed, that is, the entry of sperm into the ejaculate becomes impossible.
Attention! In both the case of female and male sterilization, only pregnancy is impossible, but the possibility of full sexual intercourse remains and remains the same.
It is very important to understand that sterilization is irreversible, meaning that as a result of using this method of contraception, the ability to conceive a child will be lost forever.
Sterilization as a method of contraception is only suitable in cases where it is decided not to have any more children or when there are medical indications for such an operation.
Since this method of contraception is irreversible, before deciding on it, you should weigh the pros and cons very carefully, because the possibility of sexual activity remains, but the possibility of conceiving a child will unconditionally disappear.
Of course, surgical contraception is in any case a surgical intervention that carries the usual risks for any such intervention.
Drawing conclusions about non-hormonal contraceptives
Life is the greatest miracle that exists in the world. And there is no greater grief when life turns out to be unnecessary. At all times and in all religions, children were considered a blessing and a gift from the gods, but modern realities sometimes place completely different emphasis, and even married couples sometimes want to postpone the birth of a baby until a more favorable time, from their point of view.
But, in addition to life plans, there are medical contraindications and some other circumstances that become the reason to postpone pregnancy and the birth of a child. Of course, modernity offers new methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and hormonal contraceptives are gaining more and more popularity all over the world.
However, there are many situations in life when modern hormonal contraception is, for some reason, impossible or undesirable. So we remember the old methods that have been used for a long time and successfully (subject to the impeccable fulfillment of all rules and requirements) for many generations.
Or the latest chemistry can come to the rescue, which will not harm your health, but will allow you to get the desired result. Today, many argue whether it is good to protect against pregnancy if children are sent by God. But in any case, it is better to prevent an unwanted pregnancy than to have an abortion a few months later or leave the baby in an orphanage.
Whether it is right or wrong to prevent pregnancy is a religious, philosophical, ideological question, but destroying an already born life is even more wrong and often even criminal. Therefore, it is competent contraception that can help avoid unwanted pregnancy and all the problems associated with it.
Constantly taking oral contraceptives does not make sense if a woman is not sexually active. It is better to choose methods that have less impact on the body, which can reliably protect against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. In pharmacies today you can easily find various modern contraceptives that are quite effective and convenient.
What types of single-use contraceptives are there?
For irregular relationships, one-time products are best. In each individual case they must be selected individually. For women with irregular sexual activity, it is important that the chosen contraceptive has the following properties:
- reliability;
- convenience and ease of use;
- safety of use;
- availability;
- protection against unplanned pregnancy;
- protection against sexually transmitted diseases.
There are 3 main methods of protection:
- barrier;
- chemical;
- hormone.
Which ones are better to choose? It all depends on many factors: personal preferences, risk, contraindications, and the situation itself. Each of them has its own pros and cons, so we’ll try to understand it in more detail.
Barrier method
The barrier method is the oldest and, perhaps, the most widespread among the population, because it has many advantages, such as:
- relative cheapness;
- availability;
- ease of use;
- quite high reliability;
- no contraindications (except for allergies to the material);
- absolute safety for the body;
- protection not only from pregnancy, but also from infections.
Barrier methods can be used by everyone: nursing mothers, young girls, older women. In some cases, they are even recommended for pregnant women (to protect against infection).
The essence of the method is a mechanical obstacle that prevents sperm from penetrating the cervix. Use requires some attention from partners before and during sexual intercourse. Barrier methods include not only the well-known condoms, but also some other products.
Condoms
Everyone knows about condoms - this is perhaps the most accessible and simple means of protection. Its main advantage is protection against various sexually transmitted infections, which is why the condom has been and remains the number one remedy against unprotected sex. It is the condom that is best chosen as a method of protection during a casual relationship or at the beginning of a relationship when there is no complete confidence in the partner. It is easy to purchase at any pharmacy or store. A regular condom is placed on a man's penis and removed immediately after intercourse.
However, this proven tool has its own, very significant, disadvantages:
- average contraceptive reliability;
- they can rub, tear, or jump off;
- decreased sensitivity during intimacy;
- inability to use if you are allergic to latex;
- a certain lack of aesthetics when used.
Some manufacturers produce condoms with spermicidal lubricant to increase reliability.
Despite popular belief, condoms can be used not only by men - there are special female condoms that have certain advantages over classic products:
- polyurethane material is suitable for people allergic to latex;
- you can insert such a condom several hours before sexual intercourse;
- you can even go to the toilet with it;
- he doesn't jump off;
- can further stimulate the female genital organs during sex.
Unfortunately, the female condom can cause local irritation and is somewhat more difficult to put on than a classic condom (this will require a little practice). The product has two flexible rings - an internal one, which expands near the cervix, fixing the product, and an external one, which remains outside.
After sex, the condom is twisted to prevent sperm from leaking out, removed and discarded, just like a male condom. It is unacceptable to use male and female condoms at the same time - there is a high probability that they will break due to friction.
Vaginal diaphragm and cervical cap
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped rubber product that is inserted deep into the vaginal canal before sexual intercourse so that it covers the cervix. A latex product that is placed directly on the cervix is called a cervical (that is, cervical) cap. The cap is slightly different in shape from the diaphragm, but operates on the same principle.
The diaphragm or cap may cause irritation where it comes into contact with the mucosa. They cannot be protected against inflammatory processes, cervical erosion, or prolapse of the vaginal walls.
To increase reliability, it is recommended to additionally use spermicides. After use, the product is carefully removed, washed and placed in a disinfectant solution - it is reusable and, with proper care, can last up to a year. It is imperative to remove the cap immediately after sexual intercourse, otherwise you can cause a strong inflammatory reaction and even the development of toxic shock syndrome.
Before purchasing, it is better to consult a specialist to determine the right size, as well as learn how to insert a contraceptive correctly.
Other means
There are also less common products that are nevertheless quite often used in some countries. One of them is the vaginal sponge. It is a concave hemisphere made of porous material, having a loop for extraction and impregnated with a spermicidal substance. The sponge is inserted into the vagina at the cervix about a day before sexual intercourse and removed no later than 30 hours after that. Thus, it combines barrier and chemical methods of protection.
Chemical method
The chemical method means the introduction of substances that are harmful to sperm - spermicides. The main spermicides, on the basis of which a lot of modern drugs have been developed, are nonoxynol and benzalkonium chloride, which reduce the activity and even completely destroy sperm, making fertilization impossible.
Now there are many products in various forms that are inserted into the vagina at a certain time before sexual intercourse. The active substances begin to act early, making the cervical mucus thicker so that it is difficult for sperm to penetrate it. In addition, they create a protective film on the mucous membrane, protecting against the development of infection.
If it was not possible to resort to contraception in time, non-hormonal birth control pills can also be used after unprotected sex - this will significantly reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and the occurrence of infectious diseases (however, only a condom can prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections).
Spermicides act exclusively locally - this is the safety of their use even during breastfeeding. In addition, they moisturize the vaginal mucosa, acting as a lubricant. The disadvantages are:
- low reliability;
- inconvenient to use (it is necessary to calculate the exact time before sexual intercourse);
- sometimes a burning sensation in the woman and her partner;
- cannot be used frequently (the composition of the vaginal microflora is disrupted);
- After sex, you should not take a shower or bath for a certain time (this will reduce spermicidal properties).
Due to its relatively low effectiveness, this method of contraception is best chosen as additional protection or when ovarian activity decreases (during lactation, at the beginning of menopause).
It is optimal to use it in conjunction with condoms: spermicides will enhance protection against infections, protect against damage to the condom, and also act as a lubricant.
Chemical contraception usually comes in the following forms:
- candles;
- cream;
- foam;
- films;
- jelly;
- tampons;
- balloons.
Which one to choose depends on the situation and type of drug:
- the most famous drug is Pharmatex, it is available in various versions, tampons have the longest effect (up to a day);
- Patentex Oval and Conceptrol in the form of suppositories are administered 10 minutes before intimacy;
- Ginekotex - vaginal tablets that have an antibacterial effect and are effective for 4 hours after administration;
- Benatex gel will help relieve inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.
Thus, in different situations, different drugs can be used: Genikotex is optimal in case of unprotected sex with a new partner, Benatex - for colpitis, if everything is in order and the woman is more or less confident in her partner, then Pharmatex, Patentex Oval or Coceptrol are suitable. Whatever medications are chosen, it is important to follow the instructions exactly and not carry out hygiene procedures for a certain time after intimacy.
By the way, it is on creating an unfavorable environment for sperm that most folk remedies are based. Many recipes advise women to introduce an acidic solution into the vagina by douching. It is better to ignore such advice - commercial spermicides are much more reliable and safer.
Hormonal agents
Conventional oral contraceptives should not be used if you have irregular sex life. What hormonal pills are rarely used? There are so-called emergency or post-coital remedies that are created specifically in case of unprotected sexual intercourse.
Having taken pills after unprotected sex, a woman may have little to worry about the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy, but large doses of hormones often have an adverse effect on the body: one pill can cause painful menstruation and disrupt the normal menstrual cycle for many months. That is why such contraception is called emergency - it is created for use in exceptional, extremely rare cases, it is better not to resort to it more than twice a year.
Single-use hormonal tablets most often contain levonorgestrel, a synthetic analogue of progesterone. It has the following effects on the reproductive system:
- delayed ovulation;
- thickening of cervical mucus;
- thinning of the uterine endometrium.
If the drug is taken on time, then pregnancy is practically excluded - even if ovulation has occurred and fertilization has occurred, the egg will not be able to attach.
The drug should be taken as quickly as possible after unprotected sexual intercourse: no later than three days later, the first tablet is taken, then after 12 hours - the second. Taking two tablets at once just to be on the safe side can be life-threatening - high doses of hormones can cause thrombosis and other terrible consequences.
Emergency hormonal contraception most often causes a number of unpleasant symptoms, such as:
- nausea and vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- abdominal pain;
- pain and engorgement of the mammary glands;
- menstrual irregularities;
- headache;
- feeling tired.
It must be taken into account that the contraceptive effect of the pill may decrease after vomiting and severe diarrhea. You need to carefully study the instructions for contraindications, possible interactions with other medications and side effects.
Another common group is tablets based on mifepristone, a progestogen antagonist. This means that this substance blocks the action of the hormone progesterone, as a result of which the fertilized egg cannot attach to the endometrium, and in large dosages, contractions of the uterus occur, expelling it. Mifepristone and medications based on it (Gynepristone) are taken within 72 hours after unprotected contact to protect against unwanted pregnancy, and even to terminate pregnancy (in very high doses, no later than 42 days of delay, strictly under medical supervision)
is a very reliable remedy, but it greatly affects a woman’s health, despite the fact that it cannot be considered a hormonal agent (in fact, this substance is only a hormone blocker), so its use unless absolutely necessary is unacceptable. In case of severe bleeding and pain, it is better to consult a specialist. Strong post-coital medications should never be used as regular contraception.
Whatever remedy you choose, the main thing is to take care of your health in a timely manner. It would be optimal to combine barrier and chemical methods of contraception, since they can perfectly complement each other, protecting against pregnancy and infections. In addition, these topical agents do not have a negative effect on the body.
If you experience discomfort after unprotected sexual intercourse, or if you suspect pregnancy, it is better to consult a doctor without delay.
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