Healthy teeth beautiful smile. Healthy teeth

Municipal educational institution

Filippenkovskaya secondary school

Healthy teeth - beautiful smile

Completed by a 10th grade student

Boyko Oksana

Checked by biology teacher

Chaly N.S.

Introduction

1. Dental diseases

2. Disease prevention

2.1 Myths and truths about caries prevention

2.2 Dietary supplements in the prevention of dental and oral diseases

3. How to properly care for your teeth

4. How to eat healthy

Introduction

The results of the study suggest that going to the dentist today would have seemed like a cakewalk to our ancestors compared to what they had to endure.

Until the 18th century, says the author of the study, Mrs. Silvia Timpe, people went to the dentist only in case of pain and if they had money (there was no health insurance yet). People were sure that caries does not appear from poor nutrition and insufficient care, but from certain “tooth worms” and “bad juices.”

The belief in “toothworms” was especially widespread in the Middle Ages. Considering such ideas, it is not surprising that diseased teeth were pulled out or smoked, and, naturally, no modern means of anesthesia were used. Sugar did not yet play a significant role in the diet of people living in the 18th century. When, starting from the 19th century, dishes became more “refined”, sugar became more widely used, and white bread replaced coarse black bread, the incidence of dental caries increased. After it was established that acids leading to the destruction of tooth enamel are formed as a result of fermentation of foods containing starch and sugar, proper nutrition also began to be considered as a factor that leads to the occurrence of caries.

In fact, at the end of the Second World War, when famine reduced the amount of sugar in food, a decrease in the incidence of dental caries was recorded.

But targeted dental hygiene was still a long way off. Even in modern times, the use of urine for oral and dental hygiene was widespread in folk medicine. Thus, people used toothbrushes that are widespread today only once a week, or even once a month.

Dentists of that time even warned against using them too often, claiming that they caused irritation to the gums.

In the twentieth century, people began to realize that toothbrushes and toothpaste are the main means of preventing caries, but it was difficult to convey this truth to the general public. Only with the invention of radio did it become possible for the first time to carry out educational work among the population about oral and dental hygiene. We have to admit that today among the wide mass of practicing dentists this rule is followed very conditionally. In most cases, treatment of periodontal diseases begins with a dentist, where, after carrying out basic therapeutic manipulations, it ends. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that today the dentist does not have the opportunity to independently carry out complex therapy for this category of patients, without resorting to the help of related specialists.

1. Dental diseases

Periodontal disease is one of the most common dental diseases, occurring in 80% of children and almost the entire adult population.

Periodontium is a complex of tissues: tooth, periodontium, alveolar part of the jaw, gums. Pathological processes may have an inflammatory dystrophic (or combination thereof) nature.

In the occurrence of periodontal diseases, trauma, dental plaque, supra- and sub-gingival deposits of tartar, overhanging fillings, defects in prosthetics, and the hygienic condition of the oral cavity are important. Among the common factors are a lack of vitamin A, group B, C, E, disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, protein, mineral, carbohydrate, changes in the digestive, nervous, vascular systems, allergic reactions, decreased immunity.

Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is rare and is characterized by generalized degeneration of all periodontal tissues against the background of severe hypoxia and tissue degeneration. There is no pain with this disease, and patients rarely see a doctor. In advanced stages, periodontitis develops. Symptoms: the gums are anemic, the interdental papillae are atrophic, exposed necks and even roots of the teeth are visible, mobility and displacement of the teeth. Treatment: filling erosions, wedge-shaped defects, treatment of hypoxia. Treatment is carried out jointly by the dentist and the therapist.

Periodontitis

It is important to reduce the body's resistance, metabolic disorders, the presence of neurosomatic diseases, insufficient oral hygiene, lack of proteins, vitamins, environmental and occupational hazards, the nature of the diet - soft food does not contribute to the self-cleaning of teeth. Symptoms: can be mild, moderate or severe. More often there is chronic periodontitis as a consequence of gingivitis. There is bleeding gums, bad breath, and rapid formation of tartar. As the process progresses, pain, abscess formation, and loose teeth occur. Treatment: in case of exacerbation, the help of a dentist is necessary. For chronic treatment - from dentists, therapists, surgeons, orthopedists; oral hygiene.

Dental caries and its complications

A tooth disease characterized by progressive destruction of its hard tissues over time. Pathogen: Streptococcus mutans, which usually accumulates on the tooth surface in the form of a small plaque, imperceptibly leading to a defect in the tooth surface and then in the underlying tissues.

Resistance to caries is determined by the structure of the enamel, which depends both on the conditions of tooth formation and on the general condition of the body and lifestyle.

Treatment of chronic forms - periodic excision of the affected tooth tissue (enamel, dentin), with the formation of a cavity and restoration of the shape and functions of the tooth by filling; acute requires additional pathogenetic therapy and clinical observation. Dental caries is an infectious process associated with exposure to microflora (streptococci), poor diet, and the composition of microelements in food, especially fluoride. Based on the depth of the defect, initial, medium, and deep caries are distinguished. According to the course: acute, acute, chronic. Symptoms: tooth pain of varying intensity. Diagnostics: upon examination - a stain, defect and cavity in the hard tissues of the tooth. Cavity probing, X-ray examination, and electrical odontometry are performed. Treatment: pain relief, further treatment at the dentist.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the periodontium. Occurs in one or more teeth and in the small tissues surrounding the tooth. Symptoms: in an acute process – sharp pain, growing, tearing, localized in the area of the causative tooth. The tooth is mobile, raised, tapping on the tooth and touching it increases the pain. With a purulent process, it spreads to soft tissues. The pain is sharp, throbbing, the tapping is sharply painful, and the body temperature rises. In chronic forms, complaints are less pronounced. Treatment: Clear indications for tooth extraction and preservation have been developed. Pre-medical and general medical care in the acute period is reduced to the prescription of painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and cold applied to the area of the affected tooth.

Toothache

Unpleasant and often unbearable sensations caused by irritation of sensory nerves. The role of irritants can be a blow, burn, injection, inflammation, injury, etc. It is usually a manifestation of dental disease. If the integrity of the hard tissues of the tooth (enamel, dentin) is damaged, pain occurs only when taking cold or hot water, sour or sweet food. With the removal of these irritants (rinsing the mouth with warm water), the pain stops. In cases where it occurs independently, often intensifies at night and spreads to the areas surrounding the tooth, acquiring a diffuse character, it should be assumed that we are talking about the occurrence of acute inflammation of the dental pulp - the dental pulp. In this case, the pain is long-lasting and often excruciating.

There is no point in counting on stopping it by taking painkillers (analgin, etc.) even in large doses. Recommendations for introducing various agents into the cavity of a diseased tooth (alcohol, analgin, aspirin, etc.) are also erroneous. The most that can be achieved is to slightly reduce its intensity. It is possible that the pain itself will decrease or stop when destructive phenomena destroy the bridge between the carious cavity and the pulp chamber of the tooth. In this case, the acute period of pulp inflammation passes into the chronic stage, which is accompanied by subsidence or disappearance of pain. However, the pathogenic lesion continues, spreading to the entire dental pulp, including the pulp in the root canals of the tooth, and then to the surrounding tissue.

The transition of purulent inflammation beyond the tooth is called acute periodontitis. In this case, the painful sensation is characterized by independent occurrence, precise localization in the area of the tooth; touching it, especially tapping, causes a sharp increase in pain. Painkillers can reduce it and even remove it. But you cannot count on a cure without the participation of a dentist; it is necessary, and in the coming days, to prevent possible serious complications - abscess, phlegmon, osteomyelitis. Thus, being the most common signal indicating tooth disease, toothache can at the same time be the result of an injury when the breaking off of part of the crown exposes the dental pulp (pulp), rich in nerve endings. The slightest touch to it causes severe pain. Only a dentist can provide assistance in this case. It should be borne in mind that a jaw tumor, inflammation of the maxillary sinus, nerves, or disease of the central nervous system can create the impression of toothache. Therefore, pain in the dentofacial area should be assessed by a doctor to identify its cause, and not be considered only as dental pain.

2. Disease prevention

Unfortunately, in our country, insufficient attention is still paid to prevention issues, and the level of preventive literacy of the population still leaves much to be desired. Given the lack of information received from professionals, myths and rumors about whether and how to care for your teeth are growing and multiplying.

2.1 Myths and truths about caries prevention

Myth 1. Dental health or disease is inherited, and prevention is not critical. If your teeth are good, then don’t brush them at all, but if you have bad teeth, no matter how hard you try, caries cannot be avoided.

Indeed, the hereditary factor plays some role in the condition of the teeth, however, in diseases of the oral cavity, in particular, caries, its role is extremely insignificant. Therefore, everything related to prevention represents a real opportunity to prevent caries, regardless of heredity. And since 90% of the population in our country suffers from caries, we have practically no people with good teeth.

Myth 2. If your teeth don’t hurt, there’s no need to go to the dentist at all.

The fact is that all early stages of oral diseases are almost painless. Only a dentist can detect the first signs of the disease. In addition, it is at the early stage of the disease that treatment is most effective and in the shortest possible time.

Therefore, if we want to detect the disease at the initial stage, we need to visit the dentist regularly for a preventive examination, at least twice a year.

Myth 3. If your mouth feels fresh, it means your teeth have been cleaned well.

It's a delusion. The feeling of freshness is not an indicator of the quality of oral cleansing. The only evidence of good oral hygiene is the absence of plaque, which is checked using special plaque staining tablets. Such tablets are now produced in Russia, they can be purchased in pharmacies, and they are quite affordable.

Myth 4. Imported toothpastes are highly fluoridated - they are not suitable for Russia, since our water is fluoridated

Here we encounter 2 incorrect statements at once. Firstly, imported toothpastes are not highly fluoridated, and they contain scientifically based doses recommended for use by the International Dental Association. Secondly, water is currently not fluoridated anywhere in Russia. As for the natural fluoride content in drinking water, which is found in some areas, scientific research has confirmed that the use of fluoridated toothpastes in these areas, although not necessary, is completely harmless.

Myth 5. Imported pastes are not suitable for the Russian consumer, since we have different conditions: ecology, genetics, nutrition, etc.

The quality toothpastes of a few Western manufacturers are recognized all over the world, such as Blend-A-med, Cross, Colgate, Aquafresh. These pastes are suitable in all cases, regardless of ecology, nutrition, genetics, etc. factors, since their composition is optimized for the absorption of fluoride in quantities necessary for the prevention of oral cavity.

Myth 6. There is more trust in domestic toothpastes than in imported ones. Domestic products contain natural ingredients, while imported ones contain chemicals

In fact, there are few components that actually prevent caries - only 2-4 fluoride salts. All these components are synthetic and are used in both imported and domestic pastes. The real difference between imported and Russian pastes is that imported pastes have developed fluorine stabilization systems (for example, the Fluoristat system in all Blend-A-med pastes), and they remain active for a long time. In domestic pastes, the fluorine stabilization system is much worse, so fluorine is much less active and the shelf life of such pastes is shorter. It’s a pity, we have to admit that today imported pastes are an order of magnitude higher in their preventive properties than domestic ones.

Myth 7. The more paste consumption, the better. For good protection and proper cleaning, you need a lot of paste.

Wrong. The consumption of paste should be moderate; it is enough to cover the head of the toothbrush. The fact is that fluoride is very active and interacts with tooth tissues even in such quantities. For the prevention of dental diseases, it is not the quantity that is important, but the quality of cleansing. The concept of quality cleansing includes the correct cleansing mechanism and time - at least 2-3 minutes.

Myth 8: Western fluoridated toothpastes are not suitable for children due to the risk of fluoride overdose. For children's teeth, it is better to buy domestic toothpaste, because... it contains less fluoride, so it is not harmful to children's teeth

This is a completely false statement. Imported fluoridated toothpastes are suitable for children as well as adults. Another thing is that adults should teach children how to brush their teeth properly and ensure that children do not swallow toothpaste. As for the interaction of fluoride with teeth, it is optimal in the formulas of Western toothpastes. The Dental Association of Russia conducted a special study in Novomoskovsk, Tula Region, on fluoride monitoring. Several groups of children were examined, among them those who brushed their teeth with fluoridated toothpaste (Blend-A-med) for 2 years under the supervision of dentists and those whose oral prophylaxis was voluntary. The results of the examinations showed that in all groups of children the concentration of fluoride in the urine was the same. But the oral health of those children who used fluoridated toothpaste and brushed their teeth regularly under the supervision of a specialist was strikingly different for the better. In other words, taking fluoride from toothpaste does not have any harmful effects on your body's fluoride levels, but is critical to your oral health.

Conducting large-scale clinical trials is indeed difficult, but this does not give reason to say that they are not being carried out at all. In May of this year, the Russian Dental Association completed a 2-year study of the effectiveness of school dental prevention programs using fluoridated toothpastes.

The results confirmed that children who were trained in the dental prevention program and regularly brushed their teeth with fluoridated toothpaste (in our case, Blend-A-med) experienced a sharp improvement in oral hygiene (5 times compared to the initial state), a sharp improvement the condition of the gums (by 2, and according to some indicators - by 3 times), and a noticeable decrease in the incidence of caries (by 2 times).

2.2 Dietary supplements in the prevention of dental and oral diseases

The main properties of teeth - mechanical strength and chemical resistance to nutrients - are determined by the normal ratio of organic and mineral components. An imbalance of these substances, on the one hand - proteins, and on the other - the inorganic compound hydroxyapatite, creates the preconditions for tooth decay. The process of leaching mineral salts is especially active in the acidic environment created by oral bacteria, when they, using sugars from our food, secrete organic acids.

One of the most important mineral elements in the composition of teeth, as well as for the functioning of the body in general, is calcium. Its share in the chemical composition of the body is the highest among all metals: the human body contains about 1.5 kg of calcium. Of these, 99% is found in bone tissue and teeth. Naturally, calcium plays a crucial role in the formation of teeth - at the beginning of milk teeth, and then permanent ones in children, and must be supplied to the body in sufficient quantities during these periods. It is important that the diet has a balanced ratio of calcium and its synergist magnesium, as well as vitamins, especially C and D. In particular, vitamin C is absolutely necessary for the formation of connective tissue, participating in the synthesis of collagen protein.

On average, an adult should consume approximately 1 g of calcium per day. For a growing body, pregnant and lactating women need approximately 1.4 - 2 g per day. Throughout life, the need for calcium may vary: children and adolescents require more calcium than adults, and it also increases in old age. But there is no doubt that everyone always needs calcium.

However, when calcium enters the body with food, it is absorbed only from 10 to 40%. But if the diet contains a large amount of fats, grains, phosphates, oxalic acid, calcium is absorbed much worse, and if you abuse coffee, sugar, chocolate, cocoa, the percentage of calcium absorption is even lower!

A real breakthrough was the appearance of Coral Calcium, Calcium Magic, Chewable Calcium with Vitamin D. These calcium supplements are perfectly absorbed, help strengthen bones and teeth, and protect the body from the occurrence of osteoparosis and caries. The balance of biologically absorbable calcium, magnesium, as well as vitamins C and D of natural origin makes the products necessary for a wide range of consumers. It is important that in Coral Calcium calcium and all other minerals are in ionic form. Calcium Magic and Chewable Calcium with Vitamin D are obtained from natural marine sediments and contain vitamin preparations, which greatly increases the bioavailability of its components.

To prevent the occurrence or exacerbation of diseases of the teeth, gums and mucous membranes, good oral hygiene alone is not enough. A whole range of dietary supplements: Activin, Ultimate, Alfalfa, Black Walnut Leaves, Children's delicious vitamins, Colostrum and many others, along with calcium supplements can be used to prevent dental diseases... Microelements such as zinc and selenium are important for Gums and teeth health are approaching calcium. Vitamins and antioxidants in the complexes ensure the absorption of mineral elements and normalize metabolism in the gums and strengthen blood vessels. These are extremely highly balanced preparations in their vitamin and mineral composition.

Coenzyme Q-10 is an excellent antioxidant, “an essential nutrient,” as Dr. Atkins puts it. It is inherent in the body normally. With gingivitis, periodontal disease, stomatitis, a deficiency of Coenzyme Q-10 is detected in the gums - studies with a biopsy were carried out by Dr. Wilkinson. Extrasy contains a bioavailable form of vitamin C and reduces gum bleeding. Colostrum is an excellent immunomodulator. It affects the condition of the oral cavity indirectly through the immune system. Aloe Vera preparations promote healing of the mucous membrane. Gingo Biloba, which is part of Activin, is a recognized enhancer of blood circulation in the gums.

Alfalfa, Spirulina, Chlorodophylus are plant fibers. An excellent cleanser for the entire digestive tract, starting with the oral cavity. Removes waste and toxins, helps fight inflammation. Why is fiber intake essential for oral health? In particular, because fiber serves as food for symbiotic intestinal bacteria, thereby normalizing the microflora of the entire body.

Our bacterial community and our immunity are intimately connected. Acidophilus and Mega Acidophilus are beneficial symbiont bacteria for the intestinal tract. Lactic acid bacteria are always antagonists of putrefactive and fermentative microorganisms. For example, those that decompose food debris in the mouth and contribute to diseases of the gums and teeth. Fungi are also replaced by symbiont bacteria. In addition, beneficial microorganisms fight food allergies, prevent the formation of free radicals and synthesize a whole range of vitamins.

dental disease hygiene prevention

3. How to properly care for your teeth

How to take care of your teeth at home

You can significantly improve your oral hygiene by performing the following simple procedures daily:

1. Proper brushing of teeth with a toothbrush and toothpaste allows you to remove plaque from the outer, inner and chewing surfaces of the teeth.

2. The use of floss helps to thoroughly remove plaque and food debris from the interdental spaces, especially from hard-to-reach areas, and directly above the gum line.

As a rule, at a dentist’s appointment it turns out that the patient does not know how to brush his teeth correctly. An incorrect cleaning technique not only gives worse results, but sometimes is harmful to health. Proper brushing of teeth, in turn, reduces the risk of developing caries, gum disease and, in most cases, prevents tooth loss. To remove plaque and food debris, use medium-hard toothbrushes and fluoride-containing toothpastes recommended by the Russian Dental Association. Your toothbrush should be changed every three months. Daily use of dental floss allows you to remove plaque and food debris from between teeth and from under the gums.

How to brush your teeth correctly

When cleaning the outer and inner surfaces of the teeth, the working part of the toothbrush is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the tooth and sweeping movements are made from the gum to the tooth.

To clean the chewing surfaces, the toothbrush is positioned horizontally and a reciprocating motion is performed.

When cleaning the internal surfaces of the chewing teeth, make short movements, positioning the brush at an angle to the vertical axis of the tooth.

When cleaning the inner surfaces of the front teeth, the handle of the toothbrush is positioned vertically, the direction of movement is from the gum to the cutting edge of the tooth.

Tongue cleaning is done using sweeping, back-and-forth movements to remove food debris and give freshness to the oral cavity.

How to use dental floss correctly

A thread 35-40 cm long is wrapped around the middle fingers of both hands so that there is a free section of thread 2-3 cm long between the fingers. The thread should be kept taut.

The thread is carefully inserted into the interdental space.

Several cleaning movements are made in the direction from the gums to the cutting edge, and the thread should go around the tooth along the gum line.

Always floss the distal surfaces of the last teeth. Unwind the thread as you use it.

Use floss holders to clean the supporting teeth of bridges and artificial teeth. If you have trouble flossing with your fingers, ask your dentist about using floss holders or other interdental cleaning products.

Attention!

In the first few days when using dental floss, your gums may bleed. If bleeding continues for more than one week, contact your dentist. Follow your dentist's advice exactly when using special products at home.

A toothbrush will speed up your recovery

Changing your toothbrush when you are sick can help speed up your recovery.

A study at Oklahoma State University found that patients who changed toothbrushes and took antibiotics recovered faster than patients who did not change toothbrushes. The reason is that the bacteria present on the toothbrush can affect the duration of the disease, since re-infection of the sick person can occur through the toothbrush.

Humidity and heat, constantly present in the bathroom, are an ideal environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Store your toothbrush in a dry place to minimize bacterial contamination.

Research has shown that bacteria can survive on a toothbrush for up to a month. Bacteria and yeast found on toothbrushes have also been found in patients suffering from pneumonia, sinusitis, stomach disorders and diarrhea. Therefore, if you are sick, try to change your toothbrush as often as possible.

The toothbrush is a carrier of the herpes virus

Research from Oklahoma State University has shown that people with herpes can reinfect themselves or infect others through toothbrushing.

According to researchers, the herpes simplex virus can survive for 48 hours on a dry toothbrush and up to a week on a wet one. Herpes appears in the form of blistering rashes, most often located in the corners of the mouth, on the red border of the lips and the wings of the nose. Next, the contents of the bubbles dry out and fall off, leaving behind a slightly hyperemic or pigmented spot, or the bubbles open, forming erosions and ulcers.

Herpes outbreaks may last longer if a person continues to use their old toothbrush. The reason is simple: when the first blisters break, the herpes virus spreads to new areas of the oral cavity while brushing your teeth.

Never use other people's toothbrushes, even the toothbrushes of your family members, if you are a carrier of herpes! Through a toothbrush, the disease can easily be transmitted to the person using it or reinfect you.

As soon as the first seal bubble is noticed, you should immediately change your toothbrush. Studies have shown that promptly replacing your toothbrush can shorten the duration of a herpes outbreak.

The same tactics apply to cold and flu viruses. Research has shown that a toothbrush can actually move viruses within a family.

4. How to eat healthy

Proper nutrition - healthy teeth

Why are sweets dangerous?

Sweets taste good, but are they good for your teeth and your body as a whole? Candy, cakes, cookies, and other sweets that children like to eat between meals can cause damage to teeth. Some sugary foods also contain a lot of fat.

Children who eat a lot of sweets consume different types of sugar every day, including table sugar (sucrose) and fructose. The starch contained in foods also breaks down in the mouth, forming sugars.

Did you know that the average American eats about 147 pounds of sugar per year? That's a huge amount of sugar! It is not surprising that every 17-year-old resident of this country, on average, has more than three teeth affected by caries!

How does sugar affect teeth?

The oral cavity is home to invisible microorganisms called bacteria. Some of these bacteria form a sticky substance called plaque on the surface of teeth. When sugar enters the mouth, plaque bacteria ferment it, producing acids. These acids are strong enough to dissolve the enamel that covers your teeth. This is how caries begins.

How to eat properly in order to protect teeth from caries?

Before you start eating, ask yourself what ingredients are in the food you are about to eat. Does it contain sugar? If so, think again - choosing other foods would be better for your teeth. Keep in mind that some types of sweets may be more harmful than others. Gummy and chewy candies stay in the mouth for a longer period of time compared to products that are easy to chew and quickly swallowed. Thus, sticky and chewy sweets result in longer tooth contact with sugar.

In addition, the frequency of sweets is important: do you eat sweets many times during the day or usually only during dessert after dinner. Destructive acids form in your mouth every time you eat sweets. The acids attack your teeth for at least 20 minutes before they are neutralized. Thus, the more often you eat sweets during the day, the more damage you cause to your teeth.

If you like sweets, it is better to eat them as a dessert after your main meal, instead of eating them multiple times throughout the day between meals. And every time after you eat something sweet, it is best to thoroughly brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste. If you decide to have a snack after work, feed your child after school, before bed, or at other times during the day, eat something that does not contain a lot of sugar and fat. After all, among such snacks there are also a lot of tasty things, but they are less harmful to your teeth and to the body as a whole, compared to foods rich in fats and carbohydrates, which, by the way, often have lower nutritional value.

Good choices include fresh vegetables and fruits, wholemeal breads and biscuits, etc.

Below is a list of "healthy foods" of the main food groups, low in fat and low in carbohydrates, from which you can create your own menu.

Healthy products - for a healthy diet

Fresh fruits and raw vegetables

Oranges

Grapefruits

Tangerines

Broccoli

Celery

Tomatoes

Fruit and vegetable juices, no added sugar

Canned fruits and vegetables in natural juices

Cereals

Porridge without sugar

Roasted corn, no oil

Wholemeal cookies

Pasta

Milk and dairy products

Skim or low-fat milk

Nonfat or low-fat yogurt

Low-fat or low-fat cheeses

Fat-free or low-fat cottage cheese

Meat, nuts and seeds

Chick

pumpkin seed

sunflower seed

Eat foods containing sugar as little as possible. Avoid sweets between meals. Eat low-calorie or low-fat foods. After eating, brush your teeth with fluoride-containing toothpaste or at least rinse your mouth.

Memo for parents

Not all of the foods listed above have been studied to see if they cause dental caries in general. However, it is well known that all of them are much less dangerous from this point of view compared to sugar-containing foods that children often eat between meals.

But not only candy and other sweets can be dangerous for teeth. Foods such as pizza, various types of bread, and hamburger buns may also contain sugar. Therefore, when buying products, pay attention to the label; it must indicate the composition of the product, including the exact amount of fats and carbohydrates. Keep in mind that unrefined sugar, honey, molasses, and syrups also react with bacteria to form acids, just like refined sugar. These foods are also potentially harmful to dental health.

Your child's diet should be varied and include foods from various food groups: fruits and vegetables, baked goods and cereals, meat and dairy products, etc. Some foods have more nutritional value than others and will be better for your baby's growth and development. However, remember that even some fresh fruits, if eaten in excess, can be harmful to your teeth. Just like you, children should brush their teeth after eating with BLEND-A-MED fluoride-containing toothpaste.

References:

1. Home Medical Encyclopedia. Moscow "Medicine" 1993

2. A.M. Tsuzmer “Biology. Man and his health." Moscow "Enlightenment" 1992

3. Encyclopedia for girls. St. Petersburg “Golden Age” 1999

Organization: MBOU NSh No. 1

Locality: Rostov region, Bataysk

Target: systematization of knowledge on oral hygiene.

1. Introduce the main diseases of the oral cavity. 2. Summarize knowledge about the rules and methods of dental care. 3. Promote the development of personal hygiene skills. 4. Cultivate a caring attitude towards your health. 5. Promote a healthy lifestyle. 6. Compose and format a memo “How to care for your teeth.”

Progress of the class hour

Organizing time

On the road - get ready for the road,

Go for your health

I take care of my health

I will help you too.

Introduction to the topic

Once upon a time there was a Smile.

Sweet such a kind smile! She gave people Joy and Good Mood! And everything was fine with her! She liked to wander the streets, jumping from face to face, seeing her reflection in a puddle on the pavement or in the face of a random passerby. But one day our Smile became so sad that it literally melted.

What do you think happened to the smile? (Children's answers)

What is a smile without beautiful and healthy teeth?

Today we will conduct a lesson on the topic “Healthy teeth - a beautiful smile.”

We will talk about how to keep your smile beautiful and what you need to do for this.

III. Work on the topic

1. Talk about teeth

Please look at the screen.

It depicts people smiling.

Look carefully at the pictures and tell me what attracts your attention more? (Teeth)

Not all teeth are pleasant to look at!

Why do people need teeth? (Teeth help digest food, they contribute to the pronunciation of sounds, and decorate the face)

The first milk teeth erupt at the age of 6-8 months. All 20 baby teeth appear by the age of three. At the age of 5-7 years, the front teeth begin to fall out, the remaining milk teeth are replaced by permanent teeth by 9-13 years. An adult has 32 teeth, 16 on each jaw. There are 8 incisors in front. They are easy to snack on or bite into. Behind them are 4 strong fangs (2 teeth on each jaw)

2. Practical lesson

Take a mirror and look at your teeth. Find baby and permanent teeth.

How are baby teeth different from permanent teeth? (Permanent ones are larger in size. Temporary ones are white-bluish in color.)

What, guys, happens when a temporary tooth falls out? ( A permanent one grows in its place)

This permanent tooth will serve the person for the rest of his life.

Changing teeth is a natural process that occurs in all people, and there is no need to be afraid of it.

3. Interesting facts

Different countries have different customs related to tooth loss.

If you find hidden teeth in the classroom, you will learn about these customs.

(Children find teeth in different corners of the class, read folk customs written in the drawings and attach them to the board)

-The Spaniards you need to throw the tooth onto the roof of the house and recite a funny rhyme.

When Japanese a child loses a tooth, he throws it into the air and shouts: “turn the tooth into an Oni” (An Oni is a Japanese monster with strong teeth).

U Koreans the child throws the tooth on the roof and says “black, black bird, I give you my old tooth, please give me a new one (The black bird is a symbol of good luck).

IN America – children place a lost tooth under their pillow at night especially for the Tooth Fairy, who can take the tooth and put a few coins in its place!

What do you do when your tooth falls out?

4. Tooth structure

Milk and permanent teeth differ in appearance from each other. And the similarity is hidden inside. It turns out that the structure of baby and permanent teeth is the same.

Tooth is a living organ. Each tooth consists of three main parts:

Crown – the part of the tooth that is visible in the mouth.

Root – part of the tooth that is located in the jaw.

Neck – the part of the teeth that is located between the crown and the root. It is covered by the gum.

What are our teeth covered with? The teeth are covered with enamel. Enamel Gives teeth a beautiful shine. Tooth enamel is the strongest part of the body. It protects teeth from damage and disease. But it collapses over time. Why can tooth enamel be destroyed?

4. Causes of tooth enamel destruction.

(demonstration of experience)

Let's take a piece of glass, heat it over a fire, then put it in a glass of cold water. What will happen to the glass? The glass will crack.

Teeth enamel can also crack from sudden changes in hot and cold foods. Protect your teeth enamel from sudden changes in temperature!

The acid contained in foods also destroys enamel. Let's look at how toothpaste helps our teeth!

PHYSMINUTE

Teacher: To keep your teeth healthy, you need... (if you agree with me, then you squat - your teeth sit firmly), and if you don’t agree with my phrase, then jump (your teeth are loose)

Phrases:

– To keep your teeth strong and healthy, you need to:

chew pens and pencils (jump)
eat right (sit)
eat sweets often (jump)
gnaw nuts (jump)
brush teeth (sitting)
eat very cold and very hot food (jump)
go to the doctor on time (sitting)

5. Dentist advice

So, we have a toothache. Which doctor should we go to for help? ( To the dentist)

Let's read the dentist's advice.

6. Workshop “Cleaning teeth”.

Guys, let's remember how to brush your teeth properly?

(Students show how to brush their teeth correctly)

The toothbrush is positioned along the gum lines. The movements of the toothbrush are from top to bottom. Brush each tooth thoroughly.
Clean the inside surface of each tooth. The movement of the toothbrush is from bottom to top.
Brush the chewing surface of each tooth. The movement of the brush is back and forth.
Using the tip of the brush, brush the inside of your front teeth in a circular motion.
Don't forget to clean your tongue.

Game "Yes and no".

(A student prepared in advance plays the game)

Admit it, do you brush your teeth often?

Well done, I believe you all

But I'll test your knowledge.

If I give you good advice,

You clap your hands.

On the wrong advice

Say in unison: “No!”

Constantly need to eat

For your teeth

Fruits, vegetables, omelette,

Cottage cheese, yogurt.

If my advice is good -

You clap your hands.

Don't bite the cabbage leaf

It's completely, completely tasteless.

Better eat chocolate

Waffles, sugar, marmalade.

Is this the right advice?

Lyuba told her mother:

I won't brush my teeth.

And now our Lyuba

A hole in every, every tooth.

What will be your answer?

Well done Lyuba?

Always remember

Dear friends,

Without brushing my teeth

You can't go to sleep.

If my advice is good,

You clap your hands.

Have you brushed your teeth?

And go to sleep.

Grab a bun

Sweets for bed.

Is this the right advice?

Remember this useful advice:

You cannot chew on an iron object.

If my advice is good,

You clap your hands.

To strengthen teeth,

It's good to chew nails.

Is this the right advice?

IV. Summing up

(Children read out the memo)

Brush your teeth twice a day - morning and evening.
Brush your teeth all over for 3 minutes.
Clean top, bottom, outside and inside.
Eat fruits and vegetables. Don't overuse sugar and sweets.
Change your toothbrush every 3 months. This is the best gift for your smile.
Visit your dentist twice a year to ensure you have a dazzling smile.

V. Reflection.

Each student has a drawing of a tooth on his desk.

What's missing in a tooth? (Smiles)

Let's revive our tooth by giving him a smile. And to make our work more fun, let's turn on music.

(Children revive the tooth.)

So, your teeth have come to life. We will pin them on the board. Look how bright and cheerful your smiles made the classroom.

If you just laugh,

Then miracles will come -

Smiles will make you clearer

Both eyes and heaven.

Come on, adults and children,

Smile quickly

To make it happen on the planet

Both lighter and warmer.

Smiling is a very important part of our communication with others. The first thing people notice when smiling is our teeth. An 80-year-old woman revealing HER own teeth in a smile is admirable. AND The first thing that comes to mind is what a strong organism! And healthy teeth mean a healthy body as a whole. The condition of your teeth greatly affects the health of not only the oral cavity, but also the entire body.

The main enemy of teeth is caries

The most common dental disease is caries. This is the destruction of hard tooth tissue. The main causative agent of caries is sweet and starchy foods.

How does food containing fast carbohydrates contribute to tooth decay? The process is approximately like this:

under the influence of saliva, polysaccharides (starch in buns, pasta, white rice...) and sucrose (sugar) are decomposed into glucose and (or) fructose;
cariogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity (streptococci) ferment monosaccharides with the formation of acids (pyruvic, lactic), resulting in a decrease in the pH of dental plaque;
when the pH decreases below 5.7-5.5, the rate of enamel demineralization sharply increases, which begins to prevail over remineralization. Focal demineralization of enamel is the starting point in the development of the carious process.

In addition, carbohydrates:

are the main factor in the adhesion (sticking) of microbes to tooth enamel;
help reduce the level of ionized calcium in saliva, thereby introducing an imbalance in the composition of the microflora of the oral cavity, upwardly increasing the level of the cariogenic microorganism itself.

How to prevent tooth decay?

give up fast-carbohydrate foods, and if this is not possible, then:

reduce the number of fast-carbohydrate meals, i.e. eat it in one or two meals. And the rest contain foods that are slow carbohydrates;
do not snack on sweets;
do not eat sweets at the end of meals;
do not eat sweets before bedtime;
After eating fast-carbohydrate foods, rinse your mouth.

Particular attention should be paid to the influence of food on the condition of teeth at a very early age in children. After all, children love sweets very much, and modern “children’s” products contain a very large amount of substances that have a destructive effect on the condition of teeth. Today, people come to the children's dental clinic not only for dental fillings, but also with serious gum disease. For diseases such as periodontitis or gingivitis in children, treatment is often carried out at the level of relieving symptoms or external factors, without solving (or identifying) the true problem of such diseases.

Tartar removal

As a result of an “unhealthy” environment in the oral cavity, tartar is formed at the base of the teeth - these are hardened food debris, mineral salts and other organic substances. The main problem is that tartar interferes with the normal functioning of the tooth, putting pressure on the gums and “cutting off” the normal blood supply. Plus, this is a concentrated “heap” of harmful substances. Tartar needs to be removed. Unfortunately, this cannot be done at home with a toothbrush. Tartar removal should be entrusted to a professional dentist.

Caries, in turn, can cause the development of various other infections, which leads to serious diseases, including diabetes.

Using dental floss.

Everyone knows that you should use toothpaste and brush at least twice a day. But, unfortunately, we often forget about the interdental spaces where the bulk of bacteria accumulate. To avoid unpleasant situations, do not neglect dental floss.

Rinse aids.

Various rinses are also a good help for cleaning the mouth during the day. Currently, their variety is surprising, but do not rush to buy the most expensive one. There is a huge number of real herbs in the arsenal, which will cope with the task no worse, but will not cause accidental harm to the body and will not have additional effects due to the absence of any harmful chemical compounds.

What herbs are effective for preventive and daily mouth rinsing:

sage;
St. John's wort;
Potentilla gossamer;
Oak bark;
stinging nettle…..

There are very, very many herbs and they all have different effects on the gums and the oral cavity as a whole. Choose the herb that is most suitable for you personally.

Factors that worsen the condition of tooth enamel:

smoking;
drinking strong coffee and tea.

Unfortunately, smoking is not only an enemy to our lungs, but also to our teeth and gums. Firstly, tobacco smoke contributes to the darkening of the enamel, secondly, it causes bad breath, and thirdly, it destroys bone tissue.
Coffee and tea, when consumed over a long period of time, also contribute to the formation of plaque on teeth, which for people with thin or weak enamel is often a serious factor that worsens the condition of teeth.

Factor "progressive"

Another serious factor that negatively affects the condition of the gums is the lack of hard foods in the diet and not chewing thoroughly. As a result of the progress of the food industry, the main human food has become soft and easily accessible to the stomach. A person simply swallows the sweet cream without using his teeth. And here it’s the same as with the muscles of the body: less load means more deterioration.

Therefore, as a preventative measure, it is very useful to chew, for example, a piece of calamus root every day. It will clean the oral cavity and the gums will become stronger from such a load. Modern chewing gums are not helpful here, because... contain substances that have various negative side effects.

Open class hour in grades 2-3

Topic: “Healthy teeth - a beautiful smile”

Target:

Continue to shape children’s understanding of health as one of the values of human life.

Tasks:

Educational:

1. Teach children the basic rules of dental care, broaden their horizons.

2. Introduce measures to prevent dental diseases.

3. Continue to develop personal hygiene skills, healthy eating,

Correctional and developmental:

1. Correct mental activity, speech activity (through choral pronunciation)

2. Correct gross and fine motor skills (develop hand coordination, hand-eye coordination through play).

Educational:

1. Cultivate a caring attitude towards your health.

2. Foster initiative, independence, discipline (general game aspects).

3. Foster feelings of collectivism, mutual assistance and creative thinking.

Introducing students to the basic rules of dental and oral care.

To promote the development of basic self-care skills in students, the ability to prevent oral disease; instilling personal hygiene skills and proper dental care habits.

Cultivate a caring attitude towards your health.

Develop memory, attention, thinking, speech, imagination of students.

Equipment: drawings of teeth (a mouth with healthy teeth, a mouth with damaged teeth), an exhibition of toothbrushes, toothpaste, toothpicks, an audio recording of the song “From a Smile,” a funny song about a toothbrush and teeth.

1. Organizational moment.

Repetition of the main motto of “Health Lessons”

I will save my health

I will help myself!

2. Introduction to the activity.

Guys, in our classes we learn how to maintain and strengthen our health.

A fragment of the song “From a Smile” is playing

What song was played?

This song contains the following words: “A smile will make everyone warmer”

How do you understand the meaning of these words?(a smile gives joy, lifts your spirits)

Guys, what kind of smile can be called beautiful? (Kind, open, joyful, gentle, with beautiful teeth... - children's answers)You must be able to smile beautifully. Give a smile to each other, teacher, guests.

Guess the riddle: “The stable is full of white sheep” (teeth). So what are we going to talk about today?

Look at photos of people smiling. Smile at each other. What most attracts your attention at this moment?(Teeth)

- These smiling people have dazzling, beautiful smiles! This is because they have healthy, and therefore beautiful, teeth.

However, after looking at these photographs, we can be sure that,Not all teeth are pleasant to look at.

3. Work on the topic.

"Functions of teeth."

There are mirrors on your desks. Take a mirror in your hands and look at your teeth. Be careful when working with the mirror.

We looked and carefully put the mirrors back in place.

Feel your teeth and gums with your tongue, describe how you felt? What are they? (Smooth, hard, sharp. The front teeth have sharp edges, and the back teeth have a lumpy surface)

Are all teeth the same shape?

Why does a person need teeth?

1. Teeth bite and chew food.

In order for food to be better digested, it is moistened in the mouth with saliva and crushed with teeth.

2. Teeth help you speak correctly.

Try to say words without touching your front teeth with your tongue: “house”, class, “table”, your name. Conclude why teeth are needed?

- Having healthy teeth, especially the front teeth, is important for normal speech.

3. Healthy teeth decorate a person’s face.

We must also not lose sight of the fact that healthy teeth serve as an adornment to the face, while diseased teeth or missing teeth disrupt the correctness of facial features and make the face ugly.

Customs associated with tooth loss.

Different countries have different customs related to tooth loss. The Spaniards have to throw a tooth on the roof of a house and recite a funny rhyme, inviting the mouse to take the old tooth and bring a new one. When a Japanese child loses a tooth, he throws it into the air and shouts, “Become an Oni tooth.” (They are a Japanese monster that has very strong teeth).

Among the Koreans, a child throws a tooth on the roof and says: “Black bird, black bird, I give you my old tooth, please give me a new one.” (The black bird symbolizes good luck). In Russia, the name is also a mouse, and the tooth is usually placed on the stove or under the pillow.

Shape of teeth

Pick up a mirror and look at the shape of your teeth.

Let's look at the teeth layout. You have already said that not all teeth are the same. Why?

The front teeth have a sharp cutting edge.

What do we do with our front teeth?

With the help of our front teeth we bite food, as if cutting it off.

What are the front teeth called?(Incisors).

What do we do with angled teeth with pointed ends?

These teeth are slightly longer than other teeth, which allows them to easily enter food and hold it while chewing.

What are these teeth called?(These are fangs).

What do we do with the lateral teeth?

They are used to crush and grind food.

What are these teeth called?(These are small and large molars.)

Let's conclude what determines the shape of teeth?

The shape of teeth depends on their functions. Food can be liquid or solid, which is why teeth are different.

Research work. "The effect of toothpaste on the strength of teeth"

Abdullin A.

(Working with the drawing “Tooth structure”

A tooth is a living organism. Each tooth consists of three main parts. This is what the tooth looks like from the inside. Let's remember the structure of the tooth.

In the oral cavity, we see only part of the tooth, which is called the crown. The tooth is anchored in the jaw by its root. The part of the tooth that is located between the crown and the root is called the neck, it is covered by the gum. In the very middle of the tooth there is soft tissue - pulp. It contains nerves and blood vessels. They bring nutrients to the tooth cells and thanks to them the tooth feels heat and cold.

The teeth are covered with enamel. It is hard and protects teeth from damage.)

Now let’s look again at the cross-sectional drawing of a tooth and fill in the gaps in the sentence.

1. We see a part of the tooth called ………………(crown)

2. The rest of the tooth is in ……………. (cervix)

3. ………….. holds the tooth firmly in the jaw. (root)

4. ………….. very hard and protects the tooth. (enamel)

5. In ………. contains blood vessels and nerves. (Pulp)

All food enters our body through the oral cavity. Thus, during the day, plaque forms on our teeth and if we do not take care of our teeth, then this plaque grows and turns into a monster - caries, which destroys the tooth and a hole appears. A hole in a tooth always hurts. Bad teeth also harm other organs - the heart, kidneys...

Like our Lyuba
Teeth hurt:
Weak, fragile -
Children's, dairy...
The poor thing moans all day long,
He drives his girlfriends away:
- I have no time for you today!
Mom feels sorry for the girl
Rinsing in a cup warms,
He doesn't take his eyes off his daughter.
Papa feels sorry for Lyubochka
He glues a doll out of paper.
What to do with my daughter?
To relieve toothache?...
How do you think,
- Why do you think Lyuba’s teeth hurt? (didn't take good care of them)

What would you advise in this situation? (consult a doctor)

What is the name of the doctor who treats teeth? (dentist)

Do I need to take care of my baby teeth?

It is necessary to protect not only permanent teeth from disease, but also milk teeth, which are easily damaged, since the presence of a diseased milk tooth has a harmful effect on permanent teeth. At your age, baby teeth are being replaced with permanent teeth, so you need to take extra care of your teeth.

Preserving teeth is one of the important conditions for maintaining the health of the entire body as a whole. Teeth, as you know, are necessary for chewing food. Well-chewed food is easily swallowed, well digested, and well absorbed by the body. Poorly chewed food is poorly digested, disrupts the normal functioning of the digestive organs, and often leads to diseases of the stomach and intestines. Pathogenic microbes nesting in a diseased, decaying tooth can cause various diseases.

The most important means of preserving teeth are: good nutrition and proper care.

Basic requirements for dental care.

What needs to be done to prevent teeth from deteriorating and what measures can be taken to prevent monster caries from growing and damaging the tooth?(you need to take care of your teeth)

Workshop “Let’s brush your teeth”

Name the main helpers in keeping teeth healthy.(Toothbrush, toothpaste)

Let's listen to a song about a toothbrush and teeth. (Together)

Why do we use toothpaste and not soap, for example?

Toothpaste contains fluoride - a special substance that prevents the appearance and development of caries.

Can you only brush your teeth with toothpaste?

There are tooth powders, dental elixirs - they have an anti-caries and wound-healing effect, dental flosses - remove plaque and food debris from the spaces between the teeth.

What should you do if your tooth still hurts?

Dentists – dentists- know:

- how to help with toothache

- How to make ugly teeth beautiful!

So that the tooth does not bother you,
Remember this rule:
Let's go to the dentist
Visit twice a year.
And then smiles light
You will save it for many years!

4. Consolidation

Eat fruits and vegetables.
Do not abuse sugar and sweets!
Brush your teeth twice a day: after breakfast and before bed.
Change your toothbrush every 3 months!
Visit your dentist twice a year.
And you will have a dazzling smile!

Now we’ll play, and at the same time check how you have mastered today’s material.

If my advice is good,

You clap your hands.

On the wrong advice

Say: “No, no, no!”

Constantly need to eat

For your teeth

Fruits, vegetables, omelette,

Cottage cheese, yogurt.

If my advice is good,

You clap your hands.

Don't bite the cabbage leaf

It's not tasty at all.

Better eat chocolate

Waffles, sugar, marmalade.

Is this the right advice?

No no no.

Lyuba told her mother:

"I won't brush my teeth"

And now our Lyuba

A hole in every, every tooth.

What will be your answer?

Well done Lyuba?

No!

Always remember

Dear friends,

Without brushing my teeth

You can't go to sleep.

If my advice is good,

You clap your hands.

Why do you need to take care of your teeth?

How many times a day should you brush your teeth? Why?

What food is good for teeth?

What should you do if pain occurs?(Visit a doctor)

Which doctor should I go to? (dentist)

5. Lesson summary.

A beautiful smile is one of the components of your health and self-confidence. A healthy oral cavity is an integral part of the health of the body as a whole. So don’t leave dental care for later. Give your teeth proper attention, brush them morning and evening, and rinse your mouth after every meal. Healthy teeth, not those that are well treated, but those that are constantly and well cared for.If you want to become the owner of healthy and beautiful teeth, you just need to follow all the rules of dental and oral hygiene. Don't forget that your health is in your hands.

- At the beginning of the lesson you told me that a beautiful smile is a kind, good smile. When we smile, we share our good mood! And the more often we do this, the more people will enjoy life with us! Let's smile more often!

If you just laugh,

Then miracles will begin -
Smiles will make you clearer
Both eyes and heaven.
Come on, adults and children,
Smile quickly
To make it happen on the planet
Both lighter and warmer!

Give smiles to your guests.

Reminders on dental care, toothpastes and brushes for students

6. Homework.

1. Comply with all oral care requirements.